1. „To bunch or not to bunch” Tóvári Endre Journal Club 2013. márc. 8. Coherence and Indistinguishability of Single Electrons Emitted by Independent Sources Science 339, 1054 (2013) Science 339, 1041 (2013) Two Indistinguishable Electrons Interfere in an Electronic Device

2. Coherence and Indistinguishability of Single Electrons Emitted by Independent Sources E. Bocquillon,1 V. Freulon,1 J.-M Berroir,1 P. Degiovanni,2 B. Plaçais,1 A. Cavanna,3 Y. Jin,3 G. Fève1* 1 Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS (UMR8551), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. 2 Université de Lyon, Fédération de Physique AndréMarie Ampère, CNRS–Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46 Allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France. 3 CNRS–Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France. Two Indistinguishable Electrons Interfere in an Electronic Device Christian Schönenberger Department of Physics, University of Basel

3. Új kísérletek a nanofizikában - előadásjegyzet

4. bunching antibunching coincidenceNoise vs delay time Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) dip Dip size and shape depends on wave packet overlap and width τ e

5. Indistinguishable electrons needed DC voltage: continuous stream of electrons but 2-e - interference cannot be interpreted as overlap between 2 single-particle wave packets Triggered AC emitter: generating 1-e - wave packets at well-defined times Realization: Quantum dots: charge quantization Quantum Hall regime: ballistic, 1D, chiral edge channels AlGaAs/GaAs 2DEG n=1,9x10 -11 cm -2 µ=2,4x10 6 cm 2 /Vs B=2,68T, ν=3 filling factor QD addition energy Δ=1,4K electron temperature 100 mK

6. QDot: 2,1 GHz square wave on top gate: p2p amplitude is the addition energy Δ  e - followed by h + τ e =58±7 ps average emission time Tunnel coupling (with D=0,45±0,05 transmission) to an edge channel Tunnel emission of single particles form a discrete dot level: exponential decay confirmed emission trigger τ e : average emission time T=1/2 2DEG

7. Probability of different outputs: Probability of exiting at the same output: (fermions) τ>> τ e : classical case Perfectly indistinguishable states:

8. Normalized by the classical value e 2 f: Antibunching with the thermal excitations: if, we must subtract the noise when both sources are switched off (one source off) antibunching of single indistinguishable fermions

9. ( ) Blue line: τ e =62±10 ps γ=0,45±0,05 non-unit overlap τ 0 =13±6 ps QDot: τ e =58±7 psa verage emission time Tunnel coupling (with D=0,45±0,05 transmission) to an edge channel 10 ps synchronization Red line: Floquet scattering γ = 0.5, D 1 = D 2 = 0.4, Δ 1 = Δ 2 = 1.4K, and T = 100 mK. Non-unit overlap γ: possibly Δ/10 difference in QD levels maybe τ c ≈100 ps coherence time: