1. Concentration
Concentration is the amount of solute dissolved in an amount of solution.
Molar concentration is called Molarity, or M.
M = moles of solute
volume of solution in L
If 2.0 moles NaCl is dissolved in 1 L of solution, its concentration is “two molar” and is expressed as 2.0 M NaCl.

2. Steps to make a 1 M solution Example: 1 M NaOH solution
Calculate the mass needed.
1 mol NaOH g NaOH = g NaOH
1 mol NaOH
Measure this amount of NaOH into a beaker, then add about 200 mL solvent to dissolve it.
Pour the solution into a 1.0 L volumetric flask.
Rinse the beaker with more solvent and add to the flask.
Add solvent until the solution meets the line indicating 1.0 L.
Stopper the flask and swirl, mix thoroughly.

3. Find Molarity
Example 1: What is the molarity of a solution made with 3.66 moles solute in L? M = mol = 3.66 mol = L .500 L
7.32 M

4. Find Molarity, given mL
Ex. 2: What is the molarity of a solution made with1.50 mole solute in 250 mL? In order to find M, need volume in L: 250 mL | 1 L____ = _____L | 1000 mL (or move decimal to left 3 places) M = mol = 1.50 mol = ______ M _____ L
.250 L
6.0 M

5. Find Molarity, given grams
Ex. 3: What is the molarity of a solution made with 55.0 g KCl in L? In order to find M, need moles first: 55g KCl | 1 mol KCl = _____mol KCl | 74.5 g KCl M = mol = . mol = ______ M KCl L .500 L
.738 mol
1.48 M

6. Find Moles
Ex. 4: How many moles of KCl are in a 100 mL sample of 0.67 M solution? In order to find moles, rearrange the molarity equation: M = mol →mol = (M)(L) = (0.67mol)(0.100L) = L L
.067 mol

7. Find Grams 0.67 mol | 74.5 g KCl = | 1mol KCl
Ex. 4: How many grams of KCl are in a
100. mL sample of M solution?
Find moles, then convert to grams using periodic table masses.
In order to find moles, rearrange the molarity equation:
M = mol →mol = (M)(L) = (0.67mol)(0.100L) =
L L
0.67 mol | 74.5 g KCl =
| 1mol KCl
.067 mol
4.99 g

8. Find Volume
To produce 23.4 g of K2CrO4 from 6.0 M K2CrO4, what volume of the solution is needed?
Given: g K2CrO4 needed
concentration of solution = 6 moles K2CrO4 per 1 L
Want: volume of K2CrO4 in solution
23.4 g K2CrO mol K2CrO =
194.2 g K2CrO4
0.120 mol K2CrO4 1 L = mol K2CrO4
0.120 mol K2CrO4
0.020 L K2CrO4 soln