1. 1 Improving English Speaking For CCUT Students of CS and ECE Using Technology Definitions Herbert G. Mayer, PSU & CCUT Status 5/11/2015 For use at Changchun University of Technology CCUT CS 163 Spring 2015 Mark Each Definition used!

2. 2 Syllabus Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Methods and Allies Methods and Allies Definitions... Many More to Come Definitions... Many More to Come Conclusion Conclusion

3. 3 Overall Process

4. 4 Assumption Chinese students at CCUT have learned to read, write, and speak English for some number of years Chinese students at CCUT have learned to read, write, and speak English for some number of years Generally the ability to read and write is well developed Generally the ability to read and write is well developed But the ability to speak extemporaneously is a challenge for many students, even for those who have learned English for a good number of years But the ability to speak extemporaneously is a challenge for many students, even for those who have learned English for a good number of years English speaking, particularly in public in a class room with other students, poses problems English speaking, particularly in public in a class room with other students, poses problems Despite the fact that the same student would be able to write down their conversation piece on paper, completely and correctly Despite the fact that the same student would be able to write down their conversation piece on paper, completely and correctly

5. 5 Goal English reading and writing skills are well developed for many Chinese students of CS and ECE, particularly in a situation without stress English reading and writing skills are well developed for many Chinese students of CS and ECE, particularly in a situation without stress Goal of this extra English language effort is to improve the ability for students to speak publicly, more freely, with greater fluency Goal of this extra English language effort is to improve the ability for students to speak publicly, more freely, with greater fluency The overall reading, writing, and speaking aptitudes in English should all be comparable in quality The overall reading, writing, and speaking aptitudes in English should all be comparable in quality At the moment, of the 3 skills the speaking aptitude is lowest for many Chinese CCUT students, hence my goal is to help raise that skill At the moment, of the 3 skills the speaking aptitude is lowest for many Chinese CCUT students, hence my goal is to help raise that skill Goal is to raise the speaking aptitude, that is free speaking, in a public forum Goal is to raise the speaking aptitude, that is free speaking, in a public forum

6. 6 Methods and Allies Chinese students should practice English speaking in public Chinese students should practice English speaking in public The proposal here is a low-investment method to accomplish this The proposal here is a low-investment method to accomplish this Referring to CCUT students who take some instruction in English at CCUT’s foreign language department Referring to CCUT students who take some instruction in English at CCUT’s foreign language department It would be a great help, to have the English teachers invest ~15 minutes per week, in one of the English language courses, to have students articulate the below definitions It would be a great help, to have the English teachers invest ~15 minutes per week, in one of the English language courses, to have students articulate the below definitions A student should practice the method outlined below for about 1-2 minutes for each term to be defined A student should practice the method outlined below for about 1-2 minutes for each term to be defined

7. 7 Allies The weekly practice of articulating of terms takes time; estimated 10-15 minutes per week The weekly practice of articulating of terms takes time; estimated 10-15 minutes per week These are minutes of English class time per week, otherwise reserved for other English language instruction These are minutes of English class time per week, otherwise reserved for other English language instruction If CCUT cannot “recruit” the English language department for sacrificing the time, the respective technical department (ECE or CS) should invest this language practice from their own time If CCUT cannot “recruit” the English language department for sacrificing the time, the respective technical department (ECE or CS) should invest this language practice from their own time So once a week in CS we invest a few minutes of English speaking practice So once a week in CS we invest a few minutes of English speaking practice

8. 8 Method The following method is practiced for each listed term, for a few minutes per week, a few students per week, will be asked to do: 1.Student stands up 2.Loudly announces own name 3.Explains, which specific term will be defined verbally right there in public; term is displayed first 4.Defines in a few phrases the meaning of that term 5.After defining, asks the audience, whether the explanation of the term was clear, whether there are disagreements, or omissions 6.After absorbing all input, if any, student will summarize the changes and re-articulates the definition of the term

9. 9 Method This short public speech should be constrained to a few minutes for each definition, about 1-2 minutes This short public speech should be constrained to a few minutes for each definition, about 1-2 minutes That way, during a 5-10 minute period, about 5+ students can go through the steps of the method, speaking in public, each explaining a different term That way, during a 5-10 minute period, about 5+ students can go through the steps of the method, speaking in public, each explaining a different term Until the allotted time has been invested Until the allotted time has been invested In the course of a month, about 20-30 candidates will have had a chance to improve speaking in public In the course of a month, about 20-30 candidates will have had a chance to improve speaking in public

10. 10 List of Definitions

11. 11 è Definition of Ampère Ampère is the unit for current, one of the base units of the SI –usually written Ampere in English Ampère is the unit for current, one of the base units of the SI –usually written Ampere in English Named after André Marie Ampère, French physicist 1775 - 1836 Named after André Marie Ampère, French physicist 1775 - 1836 When about 6.241 * 10 18 electrons stream though a conductor in a second, the amount of charge moved was 1 C and the current was 1 A; AKA “amp”. When about 6.241 * 10 18 electrons stream though a conductor in a second, the amount of charge moved was 1 C and the current was 1 A; AKA “amp”.

12. 12 Definition of Bit Bit is an acronym for binary digit Bit is an acronym for binary digit Bit is the smallest unit of information in a computer memory Bit is the smallest unit of information in a computer memory A bit holds one of two possible values, either 0 or 1 A bit holds one of two possible values, either 0 or 1

13. 13 Definition of Circuit A circuit is a combination of electrical components to create defined electrical signals, such as specific currents or voltages of frequencies A circuit is a combination of electrical components to create defined electrical signals, such as specific currents or voltages of frequencies Components can be resistors, transistors, energy sources, diodes etc. Components can be resistors, transistors, energy sources, diodes etc.

14. 14 Definition of Computer Computer is an electronic device that can manipulate bits, read bits from the outside by a process named input, and generate bits for the outside, named output Computer is an electronic device that can manipulate bits, read bits from the outside by a process named input, and generate bits for the outside, named output

15. 15 Definition of Computer Memory Memory is a component of an electronic computer that can store, change, and hold information Memory is a component of an electronic computer that can store, change, and hold information That information is arranged in bits That information is arranged in bits These bits are often grouped in units of bytes, each of which is addressable These bits are often grouped in units of bytes, each of which is addressable

16. 16 Definition of Constant Current Source A Constant Current Source is a hypothetical electric device that produces a constant current independent of the actual load connected to its 2 terminals A Constant Current Source is a hypothetical electric device that produces a constant current independent of the actual load connected to its 2 terminals Such a source is able to generate any voltage necessary to sustain the defined, constant current Such a source is able to generate any voltage necessary to sustain the defined, constant current It is not possible in practice to build such a device for all loads; for example, in case of an open load, the voltage needed to produce a real current for infinite resistance would also be infinite It is not possible in practice to build such a device for all loads; for example, in case of an open load, the voltage needed to produce a real current for infinite resistance would also be infinite

17. 17 Definition of Constant Voltage Source A Constant Voltage Source is a hypothetical electric device that produces a constant voltage independent of the actual load connected to its 2 terminals A Constant Voltage Source is a hypothetical electric device that produces a constant voltage independent of the actual load connected to its 2 terminals Such a source is able to generate any current necessary to sustain the defined, constant voltage Such a source is able to generate any current necessary to sustain the defined, constant voltage It is not possible in practice to build such a device for all loads; for example, in case of short-circuit, the current needed to produce the defined voltage for a zero resistance would be infinite It is not possible in practice to build such a device for all loads; for example, in case of short-circuit, the current needed to produce the defined voltage for a zero resistance would be infinite

18. 18 Definition of Coulomb A coulomb is a fundamental unit of electrical charge, and is the SI derived unit of electric charge; the symbol Coulomb is C; the symbol for charge flowing, creating a current, is: Q or q A coulomb is a fundamental unit of electrical charge, and is the SI derived unit of electric charge; the symbol Coulomb is C; the symbol for charge flowing, creating a current, is: Q or q A coulomb is equal to a charge of approximately 6.241×10 18 electrons A coulomb is equal to a charge of approximately 6.241×10 18 electrons

19. 19 Definition of CPU CPU is a component of an electronic computer that can perform computations CPU is a component of an electronic computer that can perform computations These computations can use integer, floating point or logical operands These computations can use integer, floating point or logical operands

20. 20 Definition of Electric Power Electrical power, like its mechanical equivalent, is the ability to do work Electrical power, like its mechanical equivalent, is the ability to do work It is measured in Watt, unit dimension shown as W, in equations denoted by letter p It is measured in Watt, unit dimension shown as W, in equations denoted by letter p It is the ability to do work of a 1 Coulomb charge every second, when passing through a field of one Volt It is the ability to do work of a 1 Coulomb charge every second, when passing through a field of one Volt

21. 21 Definition of Electrical Resistance Electrical resistance? A material’s opposition to the free flow of electrons Electrical resistance? A material’s opposition to the free flow of electrons In an insulator, such as vacuum or porcelain, resistivity is very large, typically >> 1 MΩ (Mega Ohm) In an insulator, such as vacuum or porcelain, resistivity is very large, typically >> 1 MΩ (Mega Ohm) R ~ k i * length / Area A I

22. 22 Definition of Electron An electron is a subatomic particle with electric charge; we call that charge negative; it is part of lepton family An electron is a subatomic particle with electric charge; we call that charge negative; it is part of lepton family Called an elementary particle, since it seems to have no sub-particles Called an elementary particle, since it seems to have no sub-particles Has mass of approximately 1/1836 of a proton Has mass of approximately 1/1836 of a proton

23. 23 Definition of Floating Point Number A floating point number is a type of number that expresses an amount of some unit A floating point number is a type of number that expresses an amount of some unit Floating point numbers can have an integer portion and a fraction, i.e. a part of an integer Floating point numbers can have an integer portion and a fraction, i.e. a part of an integer For example, when you purchase a pound of sugar, it is possible that you end with a little too much, so you have a pound plus a smaller fraction For example, when you purchase a pound of sugar, it is possible that you end with a little too much, so you have a pound plus a smaller fraction

24. 24 Definition of Integer Integer is a type of number that expresses a count of some unit Integer is a type of number that expresses a count of some unit For example, we can count that many people have 2 eyes For example, we can count that many people have 2 eyes Integers lack a so called fractional part Integers lack a so called fractional part For example, when you purchase a pound of sugar, it is possible that you end with a little to much, so you have a pound plus a smaller fraction For example, when you purchase a pound of sugar, it is possible that you end with a little to much, so you have a pound plus a smaller fraction

25. 25 Definition of Kirchhoff’s law There are two Kirchhoff’s Laws, the Kirchhoff Current Law (KCL) and the Kirchhoff Voltage Law (KVL) There are two Kirchhoff’s Laws, the Kirchhoff Current Law (KCL) and the Kirchhoff Voltage Law (KVL) The KCL states that the sum of all currents converging on any one node in a circuit is 0 The KCL states that the sum of all currents converging on any one node in a circuit is 0 The KVL states that the sum of al voltages along al branches of a mesh in a circuit is 0 The KVL states that the sum of al voltages along al branches of a mesh in a circuit is 0

26. 26 Definition of Machine Instruction Instruction is a computer’s elementary unit to perform some work. Instruction is a computer’s elementary unit to perform some work. Such an instruction may be an integer computation, such as adding 1 to a number, or it may be the selection of an address Such an instruction may be an integer computation, such as adding 1 to a number, or it may be the selection of an address

27. 27 Definition of Mol A mol is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12; entities can be atoms, molecules, electrons A mol is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12; entities can be atoms, molecules, electrons

28. 28 Definition of Op Amp An operational amplifier (AKA Op Amp) is a DC- coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and a single-ended voltage output An operational amplifier (AKA Op Amp) is a DC- coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and a single-ended voltage output Built already with tubes in ww2 Built already with tubes in ww2

29. 29 Definition of Op Amp, Ideal An ideal or idealized Op Amp is a simplified, idealized version of a real operations amplified. An ideal or idealized Op Amp is a simplified, idealized version of a real operations amplified. Input resistance at both input is assumed to be (simplified for computations to be) infinite Input resistance at both input is assumed to be (simplified for computations to be) infinite Hence the current sat the input pins are in = i = ∞ A Hence the current sat the input pins are in = i p = ∞ A Also, the voltages at the input pins v and v are equal Also, the voltages at the input pins v p and v n are equal

30. 30 Definition of Prime Number Given a positive, integer number n, n is prime, if it is only divisible by the integer n itself and by 1 Given a positive, integer number n, n is prime, if it is only divisible by the integer n itself and by 1 Otherwise n is not a prime number Otherwise n is not a prime number

31. 31 Definition of Programming Language A programming language is generally a high-level language that allows us to interface with a computer A programming language is generally a high-level language that allows us to interface with a computer Machines or people write source programs Machines or people write source programs These are compiled by a system software tool called a compiler These are compiled by a system software tool called a compiler The output is an equivalent object program that can be executed The output is an equivalent object program that can be executed

32. 32 Definition of Program A program is a sequence of instructions, understandable by a computer A program is a sequence of instructions, understandable by a computer And these instructions are executed by that computer And these instructions are executed by that computer

33. 33 Definition of Program, High Level A high-level program is a program written in a language that is intuitive for humans, and not understandable by a computer A high-level program is a program written in a language that is intuitive for humans, and not understandable by a computer Therefore the high level program must be transformed first, before the computer can understand and then execute it Therefore the high level program must be transformed first, before the computer can understand and then execute it This tool is a piece of system software, called a compiler This tool is a piece of system software, called a compiler

34. 34 Definition of Program, Low Level A low-level program is a program written in assembly language that is hard to read (and write) for humans, but akin to machine instructions of a computer on which it is expected to run A low-level program is a program written in assembly language that is hard to read (and write) for humans, but akin to machine instructions of a computer on which it is expected to run Even such a low-level assembly language program must be translated first, before the computer can understand and then execute it Even such a low-level assembly language program must be translated first, before the computer can understand and then execute it This tool is a piece of system software, called an assembler This tool is a piece of system software, called an assembler

35. 35 Definition of SI SI is an international organization, head-quartered in Paris France SI is an international organization, head-quartered in Paris France This organization defines and publishes elementary physical units, such as the units for weight, length, and electric current This organization defines and publishes elementary physical units, such as the units for weight, length, and electric current One of the goals is to have a few independent physical units as possible as a base to express all units One of the goals is to have a few independent physical units as possible as a base to express all units Another goal is to express all units in a way that it would be possible in labs all over the world to verify the definition, especially the numeric value of each unit Another goal is to express all units in a way that it would be possible in labs all over the world to verify the definition, especially the numeric value of each unit

36. 36 Definition of Source Program A Source Program is a string of printable characters which combine to so-called tokens A Source Program is a string of printable characters which combine to so-called tokens Each token has a meaning for the computer to eitehr define data or to execute Each token has a meaning for the computer to eitehr define data or to execute It is necessary for system software to translate that sequence of tokens into a binary code It is necessary for system software to translate that sequence of tokens into a binary code

37. 37 Conclusion T.b.d. T.b.d.