1. FRAMED STRUCTURE Members: *Daniela Rodriguez 09-10729 *Sofia Saturno 09-10796

2. FRAMED STRUCTURE A framed structure one that is made stable by a skeleton that is able to stand by itself without depending on floors or walls to resist deformation. Materials such as wood, steel, and reinforced concrete make the best members for compression. Masonry skeletons, which cannot be made rigid without walls, are not frames.

3. FRAMED STRUCTURE HISTORY The heavy timber frame was the commonest type of construction in eastern Asia and northern Europe. It was supplanted by the American light wood frame (balloon frame). Construction is similar in the two systems, since they are both based on the post-and- lintel principle.

4. FRAMED STRUCTURE HOW IT WORKS Posts must rest on a level usually composed of masonry or concrete. Each upper story is laid on crossbeams that are supported on the exterior wall by its horizontal members. Interior walls give additional beam support.

5. FRAMED STRUCTURE TYPES OF FRAMES In the HEAVY-TIMBER SYSTEM, the beams are strong enough to allow the upper story and roof to project beyond the plane of the ground-floor posts, increasing the space and weather protection. The LIGHT FRAME is sheathed with vertical or horizontal boarding or shingling, which is jointed or overlapped for weather protection. The light frame system has not been significantly improved since its introduction, and it lags behind other modern techniques.

6. FRAMED STRUCTURE NEW TECHNIQUES Modern heavy- timber and laminated-wood techniques provide means of building up compound members for trusses and arches.

7. FRAMED STRUCTURE STEEL FRAMING Based on the same principle but is much simplified by the far greater strength of the material. The load-bearing capacity of steel is adopted for buildings many times higher than those made of other materials. Because the column and beam are fused by riveting or welding, stresses are distributed between them.

8. FRAMED STRUCTURE STEEL FRAMING Since structural steel must be protected from corrosion, the skeleton is covered or painted. The steel frame is used also in single story buildings where large spans are required. Can cover systems employing arches, trusses, and other elements in a limitless variety of forms in order to suit the functions of the building.