1. MITES (ARACHNIDA: ACARI) COLLECTION, PREPARATION, MOUNTING, LABELING, STORAGE AND PACKING SPECIMENS SRI HARTINI AND A. SAIM ZOOLOGY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES

2. ARACHNIDA SUBCLASS : SCORPIONES SCORPIONES PALPIGRADI PALPIGRADI UROPYGI UROPYGI PSEUDOSCORPIONES PSEUDOSCORPIONES RICINULEI RICINULEI SCHIZOMIDA SCHIZOMIDA AMBLYPYGI AMBLYPYGI OPILIONES OPILIONES SOLIFUGAE SOLIFUGAE ARANAE ARANAE ACARI ACARI

3. A B C D A.OPILIONES B.ARANEAE C.SCORPIONES D.ACARI

4. ACARI (MITE) Thorax and abdomen united Thorax and abdomen united Without superficial evidence of segmentation Without superficial evidence of segmentation Mouth provided with a median sub-oral piercing organ Mouth provided with a median sub-oral piercing organ Hypostome Hypostome Adults and nymphal with 4 pairs of legs Adults and nymphal with 4 pairs of legs larvae with 3 pairs of legs larvae with 3 pairs of legs

5. DORSAL SHIELD ACARI

6. Gnathosoma A. Gamasida, Macrochelidae B, Opilioacarida, Opilioacaridae; C, Actenidida, Glycyphagidae A ABC

7. A, DORSAL; B, VENTRAL; C, TYPE DORSAL SETAE

8. Dorsal shield suborder Gamasida

9. Dorsal shield suborder Actenidida

10. Dorsal shield Suborder Acaridida Suborder Oribatida

11. CHELICERA A. FEMALE B. MALE A B

12. LEG

13. Stigma or spiracle in Acari a. Opilioacaridab. Holothyridac. Gamasida

14. a. Ixodida b & c. Actenidida

15. a & b. Actenididac. Oribatida

16. HABITS AND HABITATS A. Free-Living forms B. Parasitic forms

17. A. Free-Living Forms 1. Predaceous Mites 2. Phytophagous Mites 3. Mycophagous Mites 4. Saprophagous Mites 5. Other Microphytophages 6. Coprophagous & Necrophagous Mites 7. Phoretic Mites

18. 1. Predaceous Mites a. Ground species b. Areal species c. Storage species d. Littoral-intertidal-marine species e. Aquatic species

19. 1. b. Predacious Areal species Long legged Long legged Rapid in movement Rapid in movement Preying on phytophagous mites or their eggs Preying on phytophagous mites or their eggs Brightly colored in shades of red, yellow or green Brightly colored in shades of red, yellow or green Family Phytoseiidae, Bdellidae, Stigmaeidae, Anystidae, Ascidae (Asca) Family Phytoseiidae, Bdellidae, Stigmaeidae, Anystidae, Ascidae (Asca)

20. 2. Phytophagous mites 1. Areal species 1. Areal species 2. Storage species 2. Storage species 3. Ground species 3. Ground species

21. 2. Phytophagous mites 1. Aerial species Slow moving Slow moving Majority of species are red, yellow or green in color while some may appear white or transculent Majority of species are red, yellow or green in color while some may appear white or transculent They feed by inserting stylet-like chelicerae into the cells of the plant host and sucking up the contents They feed by inserting stylet-like chelicerae into the cells of the plant host and sucking up the contents Transmit plant viruses Transmit plant viruses Some of most important arthropod pest of plants, spider mites (Tetranychidae: Oligonychus kadarsani Ehara, 1969 injurious to sugar cane in Java ), Eryophidae, Sierraphytoptidae, Rhyncaphytoptidae, Tarsonemidae,Tenuipalpidae Some of most important arthropod pest of plants, spider mites (Tetranychidae: Oligonychus kadarsani Ehara, 1969 injurious to sugar cane in Java ), Eryophidae, Sierraphytoptidae, Rhyncaphytoptidae, Tarsonemidae,Tenuipalpidae

22. 2. 2. Storage species Storage grains and other storage products Storage grains and other storage products White or brownish white in color White or brownish white in color Slow moving Slow moving Family Acaridae (Acarus siro), Glycyphagidae Family Acaridae (Acarus siro), Glycyphagidae

23. 2. 3. Ground species Few group of mites are adapted to feeding on live plant tissue in soil. Feed on root tissue, corms or bulbs Few group of mites are adapted to feeding on live plant tissue in soil. Feed on root tissue, corms or bulbs Most the soil form are opaque white or translucent Most the soil form are opaque white or translucent Slow moving form with short legs and with little or no distinctive idiosomal sclerotization Slow moving form with short legs and with little or no distinctive idiosomal sclerotization Some have chelate-dantate chelicerae for grinding and macerating plant tissue (Acaridida, Acaridae), some have stylettiform chelae for piercing plant cell (Actinedida, Tarsonemidae). Some have chelate-dantate chelicerae for grinding and macerating plant tissue (Acaridida, Acaridae), some have stylettiform chelae for piercing plant cell (Actinedida, Tarsonemidae).

24. B. Parasitic Form A. Ectoparasitic Mites A. Ectoparasitic Mites 1. Vertebrate ectoparasites 2. Invertebrate ectoparasites B. Endoparasitic Mites B. Endoparasitic Mites 1. Vertebrate endoparasites 2. Invertebrate endoparasites

25. LIFE STAGE Four life stage: Egg Egg Larva Larva Nymph Nymph Adult Adult

26. a. larva b. protonymphc. deutonymphd. adult

27. Classifications of the subclass Acari by Krantz, 1978 I. Order Parasitiformes I. Order Parasitiformes A. Suborder Opilioacarida B. Suborder Holothyrida C. Suborder Gamasida D. Suborder Ixodida II. Order Acariformes II. Order Acariformes A. Suborder Actinedida B. SuborderAcaridida C. Suborder Oribatida

28. I.Suborder Gamasida (Order Parasitiformes) 66 family (Krantz, 1978) 66 family (Krantz, 1978) Characteristic in the ventral side have shield Characteristic in the ventral side have shield Long legged and rapid movement Long legged and rapid movement Colored in shades of red, yellow or green Colored in shades of red, yellow or green Widely distribution, most in tropic Widely distribution, most in tropic Habitat on leave and some in soil Habitat on leave and some in soil Member of this group (Family Phytoseiidae) as predaceous areal mites, preying primarily on phytophagous mites Member of this group (Family Phytoseiidae) as predaceous areal mites, preying primarily on phytophagous mites As predators in pest programs or biological control As predators in pest programs or biological control

29. Predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis, attacking tetranychid eggs TETRANYCHID EGG

30. II. Suborder Actinedida (Order Acariformes) 1. Family Tetranychidae 2. Family Tarsonemidae 3. Family Eriophydae

31. 1.Family Tetranychidae, red spider mites Habitat on the plant, areal species Habitat on the plant, areal species Widely distribution Widely distribution Economic important pest plants. Economic important pest plants. Some species have been found to transmit plant viruses Some species have been found to transmit plant viruses This species low moving This species low moving They life undersurface of leave They life undersurface of leave In Indonesia this Family recorded pest on cassava, sugar cane and tea plantation In Indonesia this Family recorded pest on cassava, sugar cane and tea plantation

32. Species of Tetranychidae Tetranychus cinnabarinus T. urticaeBryobia praetiosa Tenuipalpus orchidarum Oligonychus coffeae

33. Brevipalpus obovatus Scarlet Tea Mite

34. SYMPTOMS Cassava leaves Star fruit leaves Mango leaves

35. Oligonychus spp. in Eastern Asia 1. Olygonychus coffeae (Nietn.) Found in tea and coffee, but occur on castor 2. O. kadarsani Ehara, 1968 and O. exsiccator (Zehyntner) recorded on sugar cane in Java also in Hawaii (O. exsiccator) 3. O. orthius Rimando from sugar cane in the Philippines, Japan, Taiwan also from sugar cane and banana 4. O. shinkajii Ehara known from corn and rice in Japan and sugar cane in Taiwan

36. Schizotetranychus celarius (Banks) Habitat on live plant tissue in soil, Habitat on live plant tissue in soil, Feed on root tissue, corms or bulbs Feed on root tissue, corms or bulbs

37. 2. Family Tarsonemidae  Soft bodied  short leg  feeding on root tissue corm and bulbs and leaves

38. Yellow Tea Mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Tarsonemidae)

39. Family Eryophidae, leaf and gall mites  Mite elongated in shape  Have only two pairs of weak legs at the anterior end of the body  Cause malformations and gall on leaves and stems

40. Species of Family Eriophydae Species of Family Eriophydae Eriophyes indigoferaeE. theaeE. boisi

41. Purple Tea Mite Calacarus (=Eriophyes) carinatus (Eryophidae)

42. SYMPTOMS a.Leaf of Cinnamomum with galls of E.boisi b.Tip of Indigofera shoot with galls of E. indigoferae c.Section through gall on Indigofera leaflet

43. How to collect mites in the field 1. Terrestrial Free Living Mite A B A.Berlese Tulgren apparatus (after Krantz, 1978) B.Aspirator (after Singer, 1964) 3 2 Collecting mite on plant 1

44. 2. Parasitic and Phoretic Mites Phoretic Mites on insect

45. PREPARATION 1.Clearing Agent 2.Dissection chelicera A wood matchstick

46. MOUNTING TECHNIQUES 1.Semi permanent specimen ( Hoyer’s medium) 2.Permanen specimen a. PVA (Polyvinil alcohol-lactic acid mixture) b. Canada balsam

47. PROCESS MOUNTING WITH CANADA BALSAM

48. PROCESS TO MAKE SLIDE OF MITE SPECIMENS petridish clearing agent mounting medium

49. CATALOGING SPECIMENS PRESERVEDLIFE FIELD BOOK REGISTER BOOK EXCHANGE/VOUCHER TEACHING MATERIAL SPECIES/GENUS BOOK (LIST) SPECIES CATALOGDISTRIBUTION CATALOG DATABASE HOSPES CATALOG REARING

50. STORAGE A. WET SPECIMENS B. SLIDE SPECIMENS

51. PACKING FOR SENDING OF MITE SPECIMEN Mite in ethanol 70% Slide Specimen tissue Bo x tissue Bo x A. WET SPECIMENS B. SLIDE SPECIMENS

52. Thank You