1. Goals and Purposes of Education Fernando Reimers September 2014

2. Last weeks… International and Comparative Education Education Policy Analysis Models and Hypotheses Cross National Studies of Opportunity Case Study Brazil. Framing Priorities.

3. This week… Goals and Purposes of Education What is emphasized in Poland and Finland Twenty First Century Skills Conceptions of Development Learning, the Treasure Within How countries Change. Singapore Building a 21 st century economy

5. Who should be educated? For what purposes? Curriculum Pedagogy Instructional resources Assessment Teacher selection Initial Training In-service Training School Organization System Administration School Management

6. Interdependency Purpose and Policy Instruments? Can past success impede previous progress?

7. John Amos Comenius 1592 to 1670

8. Universal Declaration of Human Rights Human Capital UNESCO

9. PREAMBLE Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law, Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co- operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,

10. Education and Globalization

11. Agency to Change the World Soap Factories in Mexico Selling children’s books in Oman

12. Soap Factories in Mexico

13. Injaz Al-Arab Selling children’s books in Oman

19. “Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)” is a concept that goes far beyond environmental education. It is the educational process of achieving human development (“the three pillars of human development” proposed by UNDP: economic growth, social development, and environmental protection) in an inclusive, equitable and secure manner. It thus includes education for poverty alleviation, human rights, gender equality, cultural diversity, international understanding, peace and many more.

20. Education and Development Education as a Human Right

21. Why Education? For Development –Economic –Social –Political As a Human Right Why Development Assistance?

23. Economic Context Structure of the Economy Comparative Advantage Productivity Employment Cultural Context Identity Values Norms Shared meanings Political Context State—representation Governance State legitimacy Stability Rule of Law Social Context Status Hierarchies Individual-Society Demographic Context Demographic Structure Demographic Dynamics Geographical Context Natural Endowments Human-Environmental Issues Educational Institutions

24. Cultural Context Identity Values Norms Shared meanings Political Context State— representation Governance State legitimacy Stability Rule of Law Social Context Status Hierarchies Individual-Society Demographic Context Demographic Structure Demographic Dynamics Geographical Context Natural Endowments Human-Environmental Issues Educational Institutions Economic Context Structure of the Economy Comparative Advantage Productivity Employment Transnational Context SubNational ContextNational Context

25. Cultural Context Identity Values Norms Shared meanings Political Context State— representation Governance State legitimacy Stability Rule of Law Social Context Status Hierarchies Individual-Society Demographic Context Demographic Structure Demographic Dynamics Geographical Context Natural Endowments Human-Environmental Issues Educational Institutions Economic Context Structure of the Economy Comparative Advantage Productivity Employment Transnational Context SubNational ContextNational Context

26. Education and Economic Development Growth in Gross National Product Patterns of Growth Capitalizing on Comparative Advantages through Trade “Economic Development can be viewed as a set of interrelated changes in the structure of an economy that are required for its continued growth. They involve the composition of demand, production, and employment as well as the external structure of trade and capital flows. Taken together, these structural changes define the transformation of a traditional to a modern economic system” Hollis Chenery. Structural Change and Development Policy

27. Cultural Context Identity Values Norms Shared meanings Political Context State— representation Governance State legitimacy Stability Rule of Law Social Context Status Hierarchies Individual-Society Demographic Context Demographic Structure Demographic Dynamics Geographical Context Natural Endowments Human-Environmental Issues Educational Institutions Economic Context Structure of the Economy Comparative Advantage Productivity Employment Transnational Context SubNational ContextNational Context

28. Education and Modernization –Cultural Values that allow Economic Progress –From Tradition to Modernity –Modern Values: Control over one’s destiny vs. external forces Respect for time vs. flexibility Universal rules vs. particularism Focus on achievement vs. ascriptive http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/

30. Discuss Poland and Finland In small groups, discuss the goals of education implicit in Amanda Ripley’s analysis of reforms in Poland and Finland

31. Twenty First Century Skills… 1.1. Cognitive Skills 1.2. Inter-personal Skills 1.3. Intra-Personal Skills

32. 1.1. Cognitive Skills 1.1.1. Processing and cognitive strategies 1.1.2. Knowledge 1.1.3. Creativity

33. 1.1. Cognitive Skills 1.1.1. Processing and cognitive strategies –Critical Thinking –Problem Solving –Analysis –Logical Reasoning –Interpretation –Decision Making –Executive Functioning 1.1.2. Knowledge 1.1.3. Creativity

34. 1.1. Cognitive Skills 1.1.1. Processing and cognitive strategies 1.1.2. Knowledge –Literacy and communication skills –Active listening skills –Knowledge of the disciplines –Ability to use evidence and assess biases in information –Digital Literacy 1.1.3. Creativity

35. 1.1. Cognitive Skills 1.1.1. Processing and cognitive strategies 1.1.2. Knowledge 1.1.3. Creativity –Creativity –Innovation

36. 1.2. Inter-personal Skills 1.2.1. Collaborative group skills 1.2.2.Leadership

37. 1.2. Inter-personal Skills 1.2.1. Collaborative group skills Comunication Collaboration Team Work Cooperation Coordination Interpersonal Skills Empathy, Perspective Taking Trust Service Orientation Conflict Resolution Negotiation 1.2.2.Leadership

38. 1.2. Inter-personal Skills 1.2.1. Collaborative group skills 1.2.2.Leadership –Leadership –Responsibility –Assertive Communication –Self-Presentation –Social Influence

39. 1.3. Intra-Personal Skills 1.3.1. Intellectual Openness 1.3.2. Work Ethic. Responsibility 1.3.3. Self-efficacy

40. 1.3. Intra-Personal Skills 1.3.1. Intellectual Openness Flexibility Adaptability Artistic and Cultural Appreciation Personal and Social Responsibility Intercultural competency Appreciation for diversity Adaptability Capacity for lifelong learning Intellectual interest and curiosity 1.3.2. Work Ethic. Responsibility 1.3.3. Self- efficacy

41. 1.3. Intra-Personal Skills 1.3.1. Intellectual Openness 1.3.2. Work Ethic. Responsibility Initiative Self-direction Responsibility Perseverance Productivity Persistence Self-Regulation Meta-cognitive skills, anticipate future, reflexive skills Professionalist m Ethics Integrity Citizenship Work Orientation 1.3.3. Self- efficacy

42. 1.3. Intra-Personal Skills 1.3.1. Intellectual Openness 1.3.2. Work Ethic. Responsibility 1.3.3. Self-efficacy Self-regulation (self monitoring and self assessment) Physical and mental health

43. Change in Singapore Professor Sing Kong Lee will present the latest iteration of change in goals in Singapore We will then discuss how this change was managed and supported

44. A 21 st century economy Tushara Canekeratne Virtusa Corporation