1. Health & Safety Management for Quarries Topic One An Introduction to Health & Safety in Industry

2. Objectives of this Section To define the basic terminology of the subject area. To outline the reasons for a safe and healthy workplace. To show the accident trends in the UK industry as a whole and the quarrying industry in particular.

3. Accident – Undesired circumstances which give rise to ill-health or injury, damage to property, plant, products or the environment; production losses or increased liabilities.

4. Incident – Undesired circumstances and near misses which could cause accidents.

5. Ill health – Acute and chronic ill health caused by physical, chemical or biological agents as well as adverse effects on mental health.

6. Hazard – The potential to cause harm. Harm including ill health and injury, damage to property, plant, products or the environment, production losses or increased liabilities.

7. Risk M eans the likelihood that a specified undesired event will occur due to the realisation of a hazard by, or during work activities or by the products and services created by work activities.

8. Hazards/Danger Observable or predicted from knowledge Risk Not directly observable - probability of harm to system elements being realised from exposure to hazards and danger. Harm Damage to system elements - long or short term Accidents InjuriesIll-HealthDamage

9. Safety T he control of accidental loss.

10. Reasons for Preventing Accidents There are three main reasons for preventing accidents and ill-health.

11. Moral / Humane No-one comes to work to be injured or killed

12. Cost Accidents cost organisations money. e.g. Piper Alpha – 167 people killed – estimated to have cost over £2 billion including £746 million in direct insurance payouts.

13. Legislation Organisations have a legal obligation. In the UK – Health & Safety at Work Act, 1974 and associated Regulations e.g. Management of Health & Safety at Work Regs 1999 Quarry Regulations, 1999

14. Accident Costs Iceberg

15. Injuries in the UK (1989/90 – 1998/99) 1989/901990/911991/921992/931993/941994/951995/961996/97 (a) 1997/981998/99 Fatal681 (b)572473452403376344654667625 MajorWorkers21706212221869818053179791835417734293203000228821 Non-fatalPublic1137899811100910669115521264213234356942861323588 +3 day167109162888154338143283137459142218132976129568135773131191 TOTAL220874194663184518172457167393173590164288195236195055184225 Notes: (a) Figures from 1996/97 are higher than previous years because of changes in accident reporting brought about by RIDDOR95 (Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation). Hence these figures cannot be compared with those of earlier years. (b) This figure includes the 95 persons killed in the Hillsborough Stadium Disaster.

16. Comparison of Accident Rate (1997/98) Quarry Industry ConstructionAll Industry Fatal2061 Major400382128 +3 Day1,400966589

17. Accidents in the Quarrying Industry (1994-99)

18. Types of Fatal Accident (1983-1993)

19. Types of Fatal Accidents (1983-93) OHL (3%) Contact with Overhead Electricity Lines Maintenance (5%) While maintaining plant or equipment Other (11%) Other accidents involving machinery, asphyxiation, burns or explosions Crusher Blockages (4%) While clearing crusher or feeder blockages Vehicles (41%) Runover by a vehicle, vehicles running over open edge of quarry face, bench or ramp, trapped under vehicle body, vehicle overturned on quarry floor or road and vehicles colliding with plants or other vehicles SFS (13%) Stumbling, Falling or Slipping Falling (8%) Struck by falling objects or ground Engulfed (4%) Buried in material Conveyors (11%) Trapped between belt and head/tail drum rollers