1. CHAPTER On Cooking A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals Fifth Edition Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Flavors and Flavorings 6

2. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel

3. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Figure 6.1 The human tongue and taste buds.

4. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Figure 6.2 The human olfactory system.

5. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel

6. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Basil

7. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Opal Basil

8. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Bay Leaves

9. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Chervil

10. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Micro Basil

11. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Micro Chervil

12. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Garlic Chives

13. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Chives

14. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Cilantro

15. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Curry Leaves

16. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Epazote

17. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Epazote (continued)

18. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Lavender

19. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Lemongrass

20. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Fragrant Lime Leaves

21. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Marjoram

22. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Spearmint

23. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Peppermint

24. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Oregano

25. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Parsley

26. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Rosemary

27. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Italian Parsley

28. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Sage

29. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Savory

30. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Tarragon

31. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Thyme

32. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Aleppo Pepper

33. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Allspice

34. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Anise Seeds

35. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Annatto Seeds

36. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Star Anise

37. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Capers

38. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Caraway Seeds

39. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Cardamom Seeds

40. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Cayenne Pepper

41. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Paprika

42. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Chilli Powder

43. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Crushed Chiles

44. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Ground Cinnamon and Cinnamon Sticks

45. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Cloves

46. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Coriander Seeds

47. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Cumin

48. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Fennel

49. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Fenugreek

50. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Filé Powder

51. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Ginger Root

52. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Grains of Paradise

53. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Horseradish Root

54. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Juniper Berries

55. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Mustard Seeds

56. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Ground Mustard

57. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Whole Nutmegs with Ground Mace (left) and Ground Nutmeg (right)

58. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Mace

59. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Black Pepper (left) and White Pepper (right

60. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Green Peppercorns

61. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Pink Peppercorns

62. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Szechuan Pepper

63. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Poppy Seeds

64. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Saffron

65. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Sesame Seeds

66. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Sumac

67. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Tamarind Pods

68. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Tamarind Paste

69. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Turmeric

70. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Wasabi

71. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Five-Spice Powder

72. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Curry Powder

73. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Herbes de Provence

74. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Pickling Spice

75. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Za’atar

76. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel

77. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Rock Salt

78. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Kosher Salt

79. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Fleur de Sel

80. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Canola Oil

81. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Hazelnut Oil

82. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Extra Virgin Olive Oil

83. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Balsamic Vinegar, Raspberry Vinegar and Cider Vinegar

84. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Fermented Black Bean Sauce

85. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Fish Sauce

86. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Yellow Mustard

87. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Dijon Mustard

88. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Whole-Grain Mustard

89. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Brown Mustard

90. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Soy Sauce

91. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Wooden Cork Pull

92. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Waiter’s Corkscrew

93. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Lever-Type Corkscrew

94. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel

95. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel

96. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel Hops Flowers

97. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel

98. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel

99. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel TABLE 6.6 (continued) LIQUEURS COMMONLY USED AS FLAVORINGS

100. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel SIGNATURE FLAVORS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN Fruit display in a market in Italy

101. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel SIGNATURE FLAVORS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN Wild mushrooms and chestnuts in Avignon, France

102. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel SIGNATURE FLAVORS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN Artichokes in Sicily

103. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel THE FLAVORS OF ASIA Produce market in India

104. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel CHILES: THE FIERY HEART OF MEXICAN COOKING Chiles in a market in Mexico

105. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, Fifth Edition Sarah R. Labensky Alan M. Hause Priscilla A. Martel CREOLE FLAVORS Market in Guadaloupe