1. 1 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20 Text, Data and People – How to Represent Earth System Science Hans Pfeiffenberger Ana Macario Alfred Wegener Institut, Bremerhaven

2. 2 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20 Introduction Earth System Science (ESS) is an interdisciplinary and global collaboration ESS output is heavily data-centric data come from observations and simulation (“in silico” experiments) ESS work is organized around expeditions or campaigns and coupled models of earth’s sub-systems Logistics and system cost are extremely high one ship may cost up to 500 G€ “Earth Simulator”, the fastest computer 2 years ago ESS data potentially are of extreme long term value

3. 3 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20 An important, typical Experiment EISENEX / EIFEX : Conducted during two expeditions of “Polarstern”, with a 4 year pause EIFEX (2004): 54 scientists (and students) from 14 institutes and 3 companies from 7 European countries and South Africa Oceanographers Biologists Chemists….. “Biogeochemistry”

4. 4 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20 Collaboration’s data needs Need to work from a common understanding of what is known about the subject Need to plan expeditions and coordinate with ships’ operators general plan (5 or more years in advance) Need to coordinate instrument design, operation and interfacing before ships departure Meet aboard, sail and work 8 weeks or so Do evaluation, when at the home institute, exchanging their particular results. Publish text; PhD students dump the data somewhere, if nobody watches, or keep it “private”

5. 5 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20 Data Publishing There is reason enough to thoroughly publish data: Potential reuse in many more contexts than foreseen Enable peer reviewers to have a critical look at data quality Problem: Metadata ISO 19115 is a metadata standard (with ~1000 attributes) for georeferenced data Almost no producer of data knows how to form ISO 19115 for his/her data (nor wishes to know) There is no reward system (like: number of peer reviewed papers) in place to stimulate individuals There should be a solution for well curated datasets and databases

6. 6 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20 Data Management Metadata needed even on “work in progress”- or auxiliary datasets, both need to be “archived”, or managed Even if they may never achieve a level of “published” data They need to be available to a distributed project group during their project, long before publication There are too many datasets to produce correct and complete ISO 19115 metadata “manually” Find ways to produce ISO by each instrument at the time of data creation, automatically Use context or relationship instead of descriptive metadata

7. 7 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20 Relating all relevant Objects …but for AWI expeditions only, today

8. 8 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20 Current PANGAEA relationship encoding Resource Item Dublin Core Pangaea- specific OAI-PMH records OAI-PMH identifier – “DOI” ISO 19115 Descriptive + Administrative metadata Descriptive + Administrative metadata Descriptive metadata DC metadata locator for content locator for publication(s) Dataset-to-Publication relationship metadata should be expressed in RDF/XML and placed in the “Relations datastream” Identifiers needed (in addition to locators)

9. 9 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20 Goals Transfer concepts and content from “homegrown”, internal repositories to federations of standards-based IRs around the world Harvest (f.e.) Polarstern-expedition related text and data from all IRs of participants Display / sort / analyze / rank the maze of material through all meaningful criteria Find key networks of people, projects, text,…..

10. 10 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20

11. 11 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20

12. 12 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20 Types of Object In the order of appearance (1) (Institutions) Person represented by splash page (Personal home page) uid: eduPersonPrimaryName primary encoding: eduPerson schema (informal group) Project represented by splash page (Project home page) uid: maybe a specific encoding of the funders’ project number primary encoding: eduPerson/eduOrg schema Expedition, Campaign: represented by splash page (Expedition home page) treat it as a project, generate project number from expedition identifier primary encoding: eduPerson/eduOrg schema

13. 13 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20 Types of Object In the order of appearance (2) Datasets represented by splash page uid: maybe the same kind as publications primary encoding: Community specific (f.e.: ISO 19115) Publications represented by splash page containing –abstract, etc. –pointer to article at publishers site –pointer to article at IR –publisher’s word about what is the “original”, etc. uid: DOI, permanent URL, etc. primary encoding: repository’s (proprietary) format (f.e.: Fedora’s, it must be possible to map this in an unambiguous way to METS, MPEG21-DIDL,…

14. 14 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20 Object relationships (tentative) Person Project Expedition / Experiment / Campaign Group IsMemberOf IsPIOf IsPartOf Publication IsPartOf IsAuthorOf Dataset IsBasedOn IsDescribedBy IsResultOf IsAuthorOf IsMemberOf

15. 15 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20 Conclusion 1 – Text with Data (Text-)Publications and related primary data have to be cross-referenced We need ontology and schema designs to express the relationships (to solve reuse/aggregation problem) Extensive descriptive metadata (f.e. ISO19115) are useful only to big repositories of well curated datasets with similar content The full text of publications (and its relation to datasets) may be the best “metadata” for the datasets you will get Primary hit in a (Google-like) search may be a publication, which refers to primary data

16. 16 Hans Pfeiffenberger, Ana Macario, Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Association OAI4 CERN 2005-10-20 Conclusions 2 - Full Relation Network Service providers should make use of network of all relevant objects - people, projects, … datasets, text harvest relationship metadata harvest descriptive metadata (Dublin Core quality) enable new search paradigms Data providers need to expose the relationship of objects will require a “complex” metadata format will require an ontology for relationships will require unique identifiers for people etc. (from eduPerson schema, ~ email address) introduce identifiers for projects and “experiments”