1. Incorporating ARGOVOC in DSpace-based Agricultural Repositories Dr. Devika P. Madalli & Nabonita Guha Documentation Research & Training Centre Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore

2. Nov. 10, 2006Seventh Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS) Workshop2 Overview Some Observation on present ontology plugin AGROVOC Thesaurus Plugin for DSpace AGROVOC in SKOS Difference between Thesaurus and Ontology Moving towards Ontology

3. Nov. 10, 2006Seventh Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS) Workshop3 Some Observations Present ontology plugin integrated with DSpace 1.4 doesn’t support synonyms and related terms It shows only broader and narrower relationship It requires the conversion of OWL or SKOS representation of AGROVOC into the native plugin format every time AGROVOC is updated Ideally, thesaurus input can be either in SKOS or OWL format (can be achieved by XLST) Cron job checks updates on AGROVOC site and downloads either SKOS or OWL file Alternatively, ontology should be displayed on the fly from the AGROVOC site (idea from Dr. Johannes Keizer)

4. Nov. 10, 2006Seventh Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS) Workshop4 AGROVOC Thesaurus Plug-in To provide controlled vocabulary support in subject description in DSpace and depict:  Equivalence  Homographs  Broader/narrower/associated relationship To …  Provide standard access points to document; &  Thesaurus based Indexing & Searching

5. Nov. 10, 2006Seventh Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS) Workshop5 Handling Synonyms At the time of creating the metadata  The synonymous terms are added along with the standard term At the time of search  If the user enters a non-standard term, it will be replaced by standard term, and search is performed using the standard term

6. Nov. 10, 2006Seventh Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS) Workshop6 Homograph resolution (spelling same but different meaning)  Can be resolved using context of the given term  At the search stage, the system will retrieve the subject string attached to the document along with the associated documents Fish – agriculture Fish – cooking Fish – decoration Handling Homographs

7. AGROVOC in SKOS

8. Nov. 10, 2006Seventh Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS) Workshop8 SKOS SKOS = Simple Knowledge Organization System Provides a model for expressing the basic structure and content of concept schemes [1] in RDF syntax Concept Scheme = thesaurus, classification scheme, taxonomy, subject heading list, terminologies, etc

9. Nov. 10, 2006Seventh Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS) Workshop9 SKOS: Classes Classes [2]  ConceptScheme (AGROVOC, MeSH, AAT, etc)  Concept (actual terms, e.g. animals, crops, etc)  Collection (group of concepts e.g. meat cattle)

10. Nov. 10, 2006Seventh Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS) Workshop10 SKOS: Properties Properties [2]  altLabel  broader  changeNote  narrower  prefLabel  scopeNote  hasTopConcept  historyNote  isPrimarySubjectOf  isSubjectOf  member  definition  note  primarySubject  related  subject  example  subjectIndicator

11. Thesaurus Vs Ontology

12. Nov. 10, 2006Seventh Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS) Workshop12 Thesaurus is … Controlled vocabulary tools in which relationship between concept terms are shown as:  Equivalence = synonyms  Homographic = same spelling  Hierarchical = broader -> narrower  Associative relationships = related terms Represents the terms denoting certain concepts

13. Nov. 10, 2006Seventh Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS) Workshop13 Ontology is … An ontology defines the terms used to describe and represent an area of knowledge (subject matter) [3]  Model for the meaning of those terms  Definition of the vocabulary used

14. (Real world entity) Cattle Suckler Cow Dairy Cow Heifers Cow Milk Milk yielding cows COW BT NT RT Related Terms in AGROVOC for Cow

15. SKOS representation of AGROVOC Terms 1939 Cows skos:prefLabel Domestic Animal Milk yielding cows skos:Related Heifers skos:Related Cow milk skos:Related Cattle skos:Broader Suckler Cow skos:Narrower Dairy Cow skos:Narrower http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_1939

16. COW Animals subClassOf Wild Domestic Animal subClassOf Cattle subClassOf Cow milk hasByproduct Domain Range Heifers subClassOf Milk yielding cows subClassOf RDF Representation of AGROVOC Terms

17. Nov. 10, 2006Seventh Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS) Workshop17 Current Approach To develop a plugin which can provide thesaural support in DSpace Not only specific to AGROVOC, but can support any thesaurus in DSpace represented in SKOS

18. Nov. 10, 2006Seventh Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS) Workshop18 Moving Towards Ontology Decision regarding the nature of Information Retrieval  Document retrieval ; or  Retrieval of exact information extracted from the document To develop a generic framework for Agriculture domain knowledge with scopes for further extension for narrower domains To incorporate the inferencing mechanism defining certain rules (SWRL)

19. Uncontrolled Vocabulary Unstructured Controlled Vocabulary in formal syntax (RDF) Structured Ontology-based information search & retrieval Semantic

20. Nov. 10, 2006Seventh Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS) Workshop20 References 1. Alistair Miles & Dan Brickley. SKOS Core Guide. W3C Working draft 10 May 2005. http://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-skos-core-guide 2. Alistair Miles & Dan Brickley. SKOS Core Vocabulary Specification. W3C Working Draft 2 November 2005. http://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-skos-core-spec/ 3. Dr. Leo Obrst. Presentation on the ontology spectrum & semantic models. MITRE, Information Semantics Group, January 12 & 19, 2006. http://ontolog.cim3.net/file/resource/presentation/LeoObrst_20060112 /OntologySpectrumSemanticModels--LeoObrst_20060112.ppt

21. Nov. 10, 2006Seventh Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS) Workshop21 Thank You Devika P. Madalli devika@drtc.isibang.ac.in Nabonita Guha guha@drtc.isibang.ac.in