1. CHAPTER 14/15 TEST
GOOD LUCK!

2. Age of Absolutism
Chapter 16

3. Spanish Power Charles V inherits the _______: Catholic Gives up
Divides the territory:
Charles I took the name Charles V. He is the Grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella. He inherits the Hapsburg Empire which included Spain, Portugal, Italy, the Netherlands, and the Holy Roman Empire. Charles V was Catholic and for years he tried to suppress Protestantism, but decided to allow the German princes to choose their own religion. Charles V was basically trying to rule 2 empires that are scattered throughout Europe. After religious conflicts and battles with the Ottoman Empire, Charles V gives up and divides up the territory to his son, Phillip II and his brother Ferdinand, who takes control of the Holy Roman Empire.

4. Phillip II Accomplishments Strengthened _______ Church
Made his own _____ power through marriage and _______
Son of Charles V -- Expands Spanish influence -Gains Spain, the Netherlands, Southern Italian States, and Spanish colonies in Americas. Phillip II believed that he ruled by Bonus Question – what is Divine Right == his authority to rule came directly from God. Therefore he wanted to defend the Roman Catholic Church--- therefore, he was against Protestants and other religions. Fought many wars, usually regarding religion. The Dutch Netherlands, the northern region in the Netherlands, declared independence from Spain but it was not recognized for another 60 plus years.
Strengthened Catholic Church
Made his own absolute power through marriage and war – Bonus Question – how would marriage make him more powerful? – alliances, pacify potential enemies, gain land
He married four times – gained alliance with Portugal, England, France, and Austria

5. PHILIP II

6. Phillip II cont… Queen Elizabeth I = ______
Protestant
_________ Dutch against ______
Encouraged _______ captains to _____ Spanish cities and _____ Spanish ships
Phillip II attacked England
Significance:
Queen Elizabeth I was Phillip’s enemy. She was Protestant. She had supported the Dutch against Spain. She also encouraged English captains to loot Spanish cities and raid Spanish ships. Phillip II hopes to invade England with a fleet of 20,000 men in hopes to gain power. However, his ships were outmaneuvered by the English ships, because they were lighter and faster. ….this is significant because it marks the beginning of the end of Spanish power.
The economy was also to blame for the decline of Spanish power – Spain neglected farming and commerce, because they were getting money from the American colonies that Spain established. In addition, the government taxed the small middle class, which weakened the group of people who actually supported the monarchy – in addition, Muslims and Jews were expelled, which decreased the skilled artisans and merchants in Spain – Spain also experienced inflation, because of all the money coming from the colonies in America

7. Homework
Map (15 pts)

8. Journal
Pre-Test

9. Journal Turn to page 528 and read the Biography of Maria Theresa
Why do you think Maria Theresa stayed in power?
What is something that you found interesting about her?
How does this resemble Europe? How did this city become the symbol of Westernization/Modernization (Page 533)

10. Hapsburg Austria Charles VI’s Goals No _____ heir Gain ______
Decentralize _______
No _____ heir
Charles IV was the ruler of Hapsburg Austria and his main goal was to Gain land, specifically Bohemia, Hungary, and Parts of Poland). He also hoped to decentralize the government – what does that mean? Charles IV had no male heir, so before his death he was trying to convince people that his daughter, Maria Theresa, was fully capable of ruling the empire.

11. Maria Theresa Daughter of ________ First _____ to rule the:
Stayed in _____ b/c:
Had ____ children
Three became _______ of ______
Maria Theresa was the first women to rule the Hapsburg Empire in her own name. She stayed in power because she appointed excellent advisors. Not only was she an intelligent and capable ruler, she was a mother. She had 16 kids; three became rulers of France-- Joseph II, Leopold II, Marie Antoinette as we will discuss in the next unit

12. Prussia and the Hohenzollern Family
Frederick I
Gained loyalty of ________
Increased _______
Focused on building ________
Frederick II
Seized land from _______
Put _____ on the map:
Frederick I ruled by using fear, which his son later adopted. Frederick I gained loyalty of the nobles, which increased his control and paved the way for his son. He also focused on building a strong military, which he did so successfully. When his son, Frederick II, was young, he was more concerned with music and poetry. Frederick I was such a ruthless ruler that he imprisoned his son and beheaded his friend, who was going to help him runaway. Frederick II eventually became king and he used his father’s army wisely. He seized part of Italy from Austria and he earned the name Fredrick the Great, because he put Prussia on the map as world power.

13. Russia Monarchs Peter the Great Traveled ______ to ______
Brought technical ________, __________, and ______ from Europe to Russia
Forced ALL Russian Institutions:
Peter the Great inherited the throne when he was just 10 years old, however, he did not take control of the government until he was about 17. He was complete authority over every aspect of Russia, which mean he was a what? He traveled Europe to learn and even brought technical experts, teachers, and soldiers from Europe to Russia. Since he was an ABSOLUTE MONARCH, he forced all Russian Institutions under his control, including the Church – even Boyars, who are landowning nobles, were forced to serve the King

14. Goals Accomplishments
____________
Imported western _______, improved ______, simplified _______, encouraged:
Strengthen ______
Rebuilt ______ like ________ Armies; very ______ military
Centralize ______ power
All ______ institutions brought under his ______, symbolic changes:
Extend empire’s ______
Gained ______ on the _____ Sea
As well as Modernizing or Westernizing Russia, Peter the Great hoped to strengthen the military, extend the empire’s boundaries, and centralize royal power. He accomplished westernization, because he imported western technology, improved education (est. academies) , simplified the Russian Alphabet, and encouraged exports and trade. He took Russia out of a state of isolationism and made Russia a world power. He strengthened the military by rebuilding the army like European armies; he had a very strong military. He was able to centralize royal power by brining all Russian institutions under his control….even the Church. He controlled everyone because they feared him. He had symbolic changes, such as shaving the boyars beards ..BONUS QUESTION….What are boyars? (landowning nobles)….forced them to dress more western….held dances where men and women actually mingled in public, which was against the norm in Russia.
Another Accomplishment is St. Petersburg

15. Catherine the Great _____ Princess Came to ____ to marry
Accomplishments
Westernize
Expand _______
Reorganize ______
_________ education for boys and girls

16. IN-CLASS ACTIVITY
Work on Protest/support flyers, maps, key terms/key people

17. Homework
Create a flyer that protests or supports one of the monarchs in Chapter 16
Must have color and pictures
On the back of the flyer, explain why you are protesting or supporting the ruler.

18. Journal 2/27 Read Page 516 about Henry VIII and Elizabeth the first.
How did they interact with Parliament?
Were they absolute monarchs?
Read “Charting a Collision Course” at the top page 516
Why would this quote upset Parliament members? (think about how Henry and Elizabeth’s relationship with Parliament)

19. CHARLES I

20. James I (1603-1625) Believed in ______________
Claimed ________ power
Problems with _________ over:
Paved the way for future:
James I believed in the Divine Right to rule – which means? – According to the speech that he made to Parliament, he claimed absolute power --- why would this upset Parliament – James I, had problems with Parliament over money (collecting taxes) and foreign policy (wars) – James I paved the way for future absolute monarchs

21. Charles I
Son of James I
Imprisoned _______ without consent of ________
Parliament forced Charles I to sign:
Prohibited the King from:
Charles I _______ it, but _________ Parliament until he needed help
Charles I was the son of James I, like his father, he also believed in the Divine Right to rule. He butted heads with Parliament as well. He imprisoned his enemies without the consent of Parliament, which obviously upset the members. Therefore, when Charles I, called upon Parliament for money, Parliament forced Charles I to sign the Petition of Right, which was a document that prohibited the King from raising taxes w/o Parliament’s consent and jailing people without legal means. Charles I ended up signing it, but he dissolved Parliament until he needed financial help again.

22. The Long Parliament ____________ Charles I’s chief ministers
Abolished _______
_________ could not be _______ w/o its own consent
The Long Parliament is a time referred to the 13 years where Charles I and Parliament had conflicts. Parliament started expanding it’s power. During this time, Parliament tried and executed Charles I’s chief ministers. Parliament also abolished bishops and declared that Parliament could not be dissolved w/o their own consent.

23. IN-CLASS / HOMEWORK
CHAPTER 16 KEY TERMS/KEY PEOPLE

24. Journal 3/2 and 3/3 Turn to page 524
Why do you think Parliament included number 6 and number 9 in the English Bill of Rights?
What number do you think is most important in the English Bill of Rights? WHY?

25. English Civil War

26. Restoration to Glorious Revolution

27. English Bill of Rights

28. In-Class Activity
Complete Crossword Puzzle

29. Journal 3/4 and 3/5

30. HENRY IV
LOUIS XIV

31. French Power Henry IV Huguenot Edict of _____ Goal: Accomplishments
Improved ______
Built _______
Restored _______
Laid the foundation for _______________
Henry IV was a Huguenot, which means he was a Protestant. He implemented the Edict of Nantes, which gave Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms. His goal was to repair France by improving roads, building bridges, reviving agriculture, and building a royal bureaucracy – which laid the foundation for absolute monarchy in France.

32. Louis XIII Cardinal Richelieu: Goals: Outlawed Huguenots Army:
Defeated army of nobles:
Nobles placed in high court and army positions:
9 year old son of Henry IV – Cardinal Richeline holds the power, because he is Chief Minister. His goals are to Strengthen central government and destroy Huguenots and Nobles power. He accomplished this by outlawing Huguenots army and destroying their cities. He also defeated the Noble’s army and destroyed their castles. He also place Nobles in high positions in court and in the army—Why? – to tie them to the King – so he would be able to control them and keep them from gaining too much power

33. Louis XIV Cardinal Mazarin is Chief Minister Louis XIV takes _______:
Fronde uprising
Louis XIV takes _______:
5 years old – Fronde uprising -- Nobles, merchants, and peasants rebel – Louis XVI takes control once Mazarin dies – he is 23 yrs old

34. “I AM the State” Divine Right Strengthened Royal power
Expanded government and appointed intendants: collected taxes, recruited soldiers, and enforced the laws
Usually wealthy middle class men – Why – close ties with middle class
Strongest Army in Europe
300,000 soldiers – paid, fed, and trained

35. The King’s finance Minister
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Mercantilist policies imposed
Cleared land for farming
Encouraged mining, lace making for trading purposes
High tariffs on imported good
Regulated trade with American colonies

36. Wealthiest State in Europe
Palace of Versailles
Symbolized Louis XIV’s power and wealth
Secured nobility support
Nobles lived in Palace
Did not have to pay taxes

37. Group Project Art Group #1 Group#2 Creative Writing Group #1 Billy
Dillon
Sarah
Cheyenne
Latrell
David
Group#2
Lauren
Kelsey
Wade
Irving
Shelby
Creative Writing
Group #1
Billy
Janell
Ryan
Group#2
Mark
Andrew
Sara
Formal Presentation
Group #1
Shai
Mackenzie
Krystal
Group#2
Alexa
Marissa
Gage