1. A RTICLES OF C ONFEDERATION America’s First Government

2. T HIRTEEN C OUNTRIES Each colony became a state Each state was really a independent country. People were loyal to their state, not one big country.

3. S TATE G OVERNMENT Each state had its own government. More important than Congress Each state dealt with foreign countries on their own. Each state made its own money

4. S TATES W ORK T OGETHER Each state sends representatives to Congress. Congress helps plan and direct the War However, Congress has no power over any state.

5. A RTICLES OF C ONFEDERATION An agreement by the states to work together. Formed a very weak central government. No judiciary (national court system) No executive branch (think King) One legislature, with little power.

6. NHMARICTNYPANJMDDESCGANCVA Citizens of Each State Elects State Gov’t Congress Each State = 1 Vote No ExecutiveNo Judicial System

7. W HY A W EAK G OVERNMENT ? Parliament and the King were strong! The colonies had rid themselves of such a government. An executive reminded them of a King, so no deal.

8. P ROBLEMS WITH THE A RTICLES Congress could not tax the colonies. Each state levied its own taxes. Congress could not fix trade problems between states. Each state had only one vote It did not matter how big or how many people lived in it.

9. G OVERNMENT G RIDLOCK To pass a law, 9 of 13 states must agree Nearly 70%!! Few laws were passed To amend (change) the Articles of Confederation, all states must agree.

10. L AND I SSUES Colonies won lots of new land. Each state claimed some of that land as theirs.

11. N ORTHWEST O RDINANCE All states agree to give up claims to land in the west. System is created to make new states. Three step process to statehood New states would be equal to old states. Only big success under the Articles of Confederation.

12. C ALL FOR C HANGE Small number of people want change Reasons: Create a government that can do something! Fix many of the problems facing the states. People are too dumb to govern themselves Folks call for a convention in Annapolis Maryland to discuss changes.

13. A NNAPOLIS C ONVENTION 1786 Annapolis, Maryland Only 12 reps from 5 states show. Delegates plan to meet again in Philadelphia in 1787 Goal is to fix the national government.

14. S HAY ’ S R EBELLION Colonists in Mass. angry over high taxes. Framer named Shays leads an armed rebellion. Congress cannot raise funds for an army Mass. finally raises an army and defeats Shay. Convinces many people the Articles need serious revision.