1. DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
Ch 12 section 3

2. A. Learning Goals Tell how DNA differs from RNA
Describe the role of the ribosome during protein synthesis.
Compare and contrast Transcription and translation
Break down the Genetic Code…from
DNA TACCGATCATGGATT

3. A. DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Double strand of nucleotides, called double helix.
Each nucleotide consist of 1. deoxiribose sugar 2. phosphate and 3. base
Basis are adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine.
DNA is a genetic library, the original blueprints!!
Discovered by Watson and Crick
DNA From The Beginning

4. B. RNA- Ribonucleic acid
Single strand of nucleotides
Each nucleotide consist of 1. Ribose sugar
2. A phosphate group 3. Nitrogen base
Uracil instead of thymine !!!!!
U and A, C and G
*RNA is a working copy of DNA

5. C. Base Pairing: Chargoff’s Rules
In DNA…
Adenine always pairs with Thymine
Cytosine always pairs with Guanine
Question: If you have 5673 cytosines in a strand of DNA, how many guanines will you have?
Answer: 5673
In RNA… Thymine is replaced by Uracil
DNA TACATTGACCGATT
RNA AUGUAACUGGCUAA

6. D. Central Dogma for Protein Synthesis…The Big Idea!!!
Protein synthesis… the making of proteins by putting Amino Acids together!
transcription translation
Dna Rna protein
Nucleus cytoplasm ribosome

8. E. Three types of RNA
Messenger RNA, mRNA: carry message with instructions for making proteins.Every three bases makes a codon. Ex. AAG
Ribosomal RNA, rRNA: part of the ribosome, proteins are assembled here.
Transfer RNA, tRNA; transfers amino acid to the ribosome as it is read by mRNA. Every three bases make one anticodon
Ex. UUC

9. F. Transcription: making a copy of the original message (like taking notes)
Start ( ) and stop signals ( ) direct beginning and end of note taking.
mRNA make a summary: it takes out the info that does not code for proteins . Introns are junk DNA!
It keeps the exons which will code for proteins. Exons yes, introns no!
animations

11. G. TRANSLATION: making sense of the genetic language
mRNA codons are transcribed in nucleus, exits to cytoplasm to attach to ribosome.
tRNA brings the anticodon with the right amino acid to the ribosome. The Amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain.
Ex. DNA AGCTTA
mRNA UCG-AAU ( each 3 are a codon)
tRNA AGC-UUA (each 3 are an anticodon)
amino acid serine aspargine
protein ser-asp
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12. H. Proteins Can be from 2 to ____ amino acids long.
There are 20 types of amino acids
Your DNA codes for proteins. These proteins contribute to how you look and how you function.
Can very in the sequence (order) and in the number of amino acids!!
Race the Cell