2. Objectives  To define network  To identify use of network  To differentiate major types of network  To identify basic networking terminologies  To enumerate network considerations  To identify network components & designs

3. What is a Network?  A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.

4. Use of Network  Data  Printer  Application

5. Some of components which are the constituents of a network are:  One or more servers  Workstation  Peripheral devices  Network board  Communication media  Network administrator

6. What is a Workstation? Workstation is a client, more specifically it is a standalone computer of the network. It has its own software, data files and does its own processing to expand its resources and knowledge, it may get connected to a network. Workstation is a client, more specifically it is a standalone computer of the network. It has its own software, data files and does its own processing to expand its resources and knowledge, it may get connected to a network.

7. What is a Client? In English language vocabulary “client - refers to a person, who requested for service.” In English language vocabulary “client - refers to a person, who requested for service.” In network terminology, it refers to the different types of terminals, or workstations. In network terminology, it refers to the different types of terminals, or workstations.

8. What is a Server? A server is a LAN (Local Area Network) component that can be shared by users on the LAN. The three most popular servers are the file server, print server, and communication server. A server is a LAN (Local Area Network) component that can be shared by users on the LAN. The three most popular servers are the file server, print server, and communication server.

9. Different types of Servers File server File server Print server Print server Communication server Communication server

10. File Servers It is a program that provides to the user the disks or other mass storage devices for storing and retrieving files as specified by the users. The program provides protection from unauthorized reading and writing. It is a program that provides to the user the disks or other mass storage devices for storing and retrieving files as specified by the users. The program provides protection from unauthorized reading and writing.

11. Print Servers It is a combination of hardware and software package which allows anyone on the network to have access to a printing services. The hardware includes an ordinary line printer and the software receives and buffers a file of information, which may come from a personal computer with its own disk. It is a combination of hardware and software package which allows anyone on the network to have access to a printing services. The hardware includes an ordinary line printer and the software receives and buffers a file of information, which may come from a personal computer with its own disk.

12. This server provides communications links external to the LAN - that is, micro/mainframe links to other networks. To accomplish this service, the communication server controls one or more modems. This server provides communications links external to the LAN - that is, micro/mainframe links to other networks. To accomplish this service, the communication server controls one or more modems. Communication Server

13. Disk Server It primarily functions to achieve economy of scale by dividing a large disk into sections to which individual users have to access. It primarily functions to achieve economy of scale by dividing a large disk into sections to which individual users have to access.

14. Dedicated Server Vs Non- dedicated Server A computer that both runs standard programs and lets other users see its data at the same time is said to be a “non-dedicated server”. A computer that both runs standard programs and lets other users see its data at the same time is said to be a “non-dedicated server”. A computer without a human operator, whose only job is to share data and printers for others to use is called a “dedicated server”. A computer without a human operator, whose only job is to share data and printers for others to use is called a “dedicated server”.

15. What is a Peripheral Device? They are computer related devices, such as local printers, disk drivers and modems. They are computer related devices, such as local printers, disk drivers and modems.

16. Some of the most popular devices are listed below: RAM RAM Modem Modem Serial port Serial port Parallel port Parallel port Printer spooler Printer spooler Accelerator Accelerator

17. What is a Network Board? A network board is a circuit board installed in each computer to allow servers and workstation to communicate with each other. A network board is a circuit board installed in each computer to allow servers and workstation to communicate with each other.

18. What is Network Interface Card? The Network Interface Card (NIC) facilitates and controls the exchange of data between the micros in a PC network (several micros linked together).The NIC connects information from the busy microprocessor, stores it, and doles it out slowly onto the network wires. The Network Interface Card (NIC) facilitates and controls the exchange of data between the micros in a PC network (several micros linked together).The NIC connects information from the busy microprocessor, stores it, and doles it out slowly onto the network wires.

19. What is Communication Media? The communication media is basically the connection or link between different devices of a network system which can allow communication to occur. The communication media is basically the connection or link between different devices of a network system which can allow communication to occur.

20. Advantages of Installing a Network Speed Speed Cost Cost Security Security Centralized Resource Management Centralized Resource Management Resource Sharing Resource Sharing Electronic Mail Electronic Mail Flexible Access Flexible Access Workgroup Computing Workgroup Computing

21. Disadvantages of Installing a Network Expensive to Install Expensive to Install Requires Administrative Time Requires Administrative Time File Server May Fail File Server May Fail Cables May Break Cables May Break

22. 1.5Network Design  Computer networks also differ in their design.  The two types of high-level network design are called client-server and peer-to-peer.client-serverpeer-to-peer

23. Client-server networks  Client-server networks feature centralized server computers that store email, Web pages, files and or applications. Has at least one workstation which has configured as a network server. The server is used as a computer running the network operating system. The server controls the communication and shares the network resources. The client workstations are the individual computer to the work.

24. Centralized and coordinated features such as:  Log-in control  Centralized backup  A single uninterruptable power supply  Stored procedures that follow required company business rules

25. Server-Based Network/ Client-Server Network  Usually more than 10  Need server  Central administration  Need Admin  With security  Complex to implement

26. Client/Workstation  computer/s that ask for a service in the network. In the Client-Server setup, client sometimes acts as server when it provides service to the other unit in the network

27. Peer-to-Peer Network  On a peer-to-peer network, conversely, all computers tend to support the same functions. Client-server networks are much more common in business and peer-to-peer networks much more common in homes.  two workstations connected together,  workstations on a peer - to - peer network are equal and no one is designated as the main or host computer or centralized point of control.

28. Peer to Peer Network  Usually less than ten in number  No central administration  Need no Admin  No security  Easy to implement

29. 1.6 What is a Network System A group of computers that can communicate with each other, share resources (such as hard disks and printers), allows them to communicate with one another and access remote hosts or other network, then it is known as Network System. A group of computers that can communicate with each other, share resources (such as hard disks and printers), allows them to communicate with one another and access remote hosts or other network, then it is known as Network System.