1. Developing monitoring capability of a volcano observatory Esline Garaebiti, Sylvain Todman Vanuatu Meteorological and Geohazards Department Gill Jolly, Art Jolly, Steve Sherburn, Craig Miller,Nicolas Fournie, Brad Scott GNS Sciences, New Zealand

2. Vanuatu General Information Vanuatu is a group of 84 islands (most of them are inhabited) within 12,189 sq km land area Around 250,000 people (2009 census) Tropical area: Average of one cyclone every year Belongs to the “Pacific Ring of Fire” Currently 6 active volcanoes Average of one earthquake of M 7.0 every year Average of one significant tsunami (wave >1m) every 10 years

3. IRD Nouméa, 2004 Vanuatu General Tectonic Context Pacific plate Indo-Australian plate

4. CRUST MANTLE Vanuatu General Tectonic Context

7. Vanuatu Volcano Monitoring Network Volcano monitoring network have existed, in: Ambae (1997-1998) Ambrym (1998-2001) Tanna (1992 to January 2009) Funded and installed by IRD Monitoring system on the Yasur volvano, Tanna island

8. Research project ARC-VANUATU, since 2008 Data collected sent to Noumea or France processing Analysis Volcano-seismic network for research, 2008 Pelletier, 2008

9. 3 portable seismographs, May 5 th to 28 th 2010 Taranu F., 2009 Volcano monitoring network on Ambrym, Geohazards Vanuatu-Rabaul Volcano Observatory, 2009

10. Since November 2009 Network upgraded in July/August 2010 3 sites, one connected to Telecom Hub for Real time data transmission to main office Volcano monitoring network, Gaua, Geohazards Vanuatu- GNS Science,NZ, 2010

11. Data Analysis From 1992 to 2009, Yasur volcano monitoring system Transmission via satellite Argos to Paris, d Processing and analysis in Paris accessed via Internet as number of counts

12. Since May 2009, data collected manually, first analysis by SWARM Mainly focus on the identifications and numbering of events Data Analysis (cont.)

13. Since February 2010, Improvement of data processing with daily volcano-seismic plots Volcano Data Analysis today: Processed data April 4 th 2010, Gaua volvano Daily seismogram

14. - Amplitude - Spectrogram Analyzed data SSAM/RSAM analysis of GAUA volcano, June 2010: significant tremor recording early June 2010

15. Tremor Curve Gaua, July 2010 S-P time difference, July 2010 e S-P curve Analyzed data

16. Vanuatu portable seismograph project (according to the the MVN concept) Following Gaua volcano activity, sept 29 th 2010 Project proposed by Geohazards and GNS for NZAID funding Three portable seismograph Set for local telemetry Their installation on Gaua

17. Training of staffs on the Use of instruments and data analysis Two sessions in data analysis (February/ August 2010) One session on equipment deployment (July/August 2010) Vanuatu portable seismograph project (cont.)

18. Ambae Volcano activity response, May 2010 Deployment of a portable seismograph Data analyzed and processed

19. Other assistance from GNS in volcano monitoring OMI image and So2 flux limited to each volcano

20. Vanuatu Monitoring Network today

21. Interpretation

22. 2. Geo-Hazards Website: Volcanic Live Information Geohazards Volcanic Updated Bulletin Current Volcanic Alert Level Interactive Map. Following Vanuatu Volcanic Alert Level Table (VVAL)

23. Real-Time Data Transmission Framework Digitizer Seismograph Remote Seismic Station Data Transmission Framework - ADSL: Complete continuous data transmission: Real-Time - Government Network: Partial continuous data transmission: Near Real-Time - Mobile Phone Network: - CSD (connection time, 9600bps), very light pre-processed materials : Near Real-Time - GPRS/3G (data transferred, up to 72.4Kbps), pre-processed materials : Near Real-Time End user  Basic Monitoring Information is managed, even with the smallest option Daily monitoring materials < 1MB

24. How can the data be pre-processed on site ? Digitizer Seismograph Remote Seismic Station Installation of a ‘green’ PC inside the remote station How can the connection be managed from the station?

25. Installing ‘green’ computer on-site advantages Digitizer Seismograph Remote Seismic Station - Connection control (quantity of data, time connected) - Very cheap - Intel Atom processor is powerful enough to compute data - Power-efficient (~6w for the FitPC) - Backup storage - Can manage other equipments for monitoring purpose such as: - Camera - GPS - Meteorological instruments … Camera GPS Meteo YET TO BE SET UP/CONNECTED

26. Conclusions Collaborations between institutes is essential for progress of small island states Progress require Perseverance and will to drive till accomplishment Ready to integrate telecommunication system for data transmission and accurate information flow Research project in view with local network on Gaua