1. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division A Development Process for Content Standards KC Morris, Boonserm (Serm) Kulvatunyou, Josh Lubell, and Puja Goyal US/DoC/NIST/MEL/MSID

2. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Outline of the Talk Who we are Process for developing content standards: the Model Development Life Cycle (MDLC) Overview of our XML-related tools Examples of tools for XML Schema validation

3. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Who We Are US/DoC/NIST/MEL/MSID United States Government Department of Commerce National Institute of Standards and Technology Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory Manufacturing Systems Integration Division (MSID) = A government resource that provides technical solutions to advance system integration capabilities.

4. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Manufacturing B2B Integration Manufacturing Metrology Interoperability (Inspection) Process Plant Construction Information Integration Integrated Circuit Manufacturing Component Validation Semantic Web R&D “Generic” Testing Infrastructure and Tool Development (e.g., XML, ebXML, schema quality, test case generation) Legacy Migration Through Semantic Mapping Automotive Inventory Visibility CAD/CAM Integration Simulation System Integration NIST Interoperability Testbed

5. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Background NIST B2B Interoperability Testbed –XML-based interoperability project with the automotive and aerospace industries NIST AEX Testbed –XML-based interoperability project with the building construction industry Product Data Exchange and Validation Testing activities –Data exchange-based integration project, not XML-based Common characteristics –Specifications are segmented –Data exchange specifications evolve as integration projects proceed Also true for standards development efforts

6. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Content Standards are Bridges

7. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Bridge Building Process Design the bridge Test the design Build a frame Pour the concrete Paint the roads

8. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division We Need a Process for Building Interoperability Bridges

9. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Model Development Life Cycle A guideline for building industrial strength data exchange bridges, that provides Detailed analysis of the development process for content standards Architecture for implementing that process Outline of requirements for tools Roadmap to the standards landscape

10. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Some Specific Problems in Model Development Unbounded specification growth Semantically duplicate terms, components, and documents are created Poor documentation reduces reuse Classic interoperability problems are revisited Large-scale harmonization (using a common/canonical model) is hard to achieve

11. Model Development Life Cycle

12. Decomposition of the Model Development Life Cycle Existing Schemas & Classification Scheme A2 Model Validation A3 Model Piloting A4 Model Registration A1 Model Discovery A5 Model Integration Specification Tools Rule Based Engines Specification Design Rules Specification Reference Data Implementation Data Business Rules Implementation Context Guidelines Schematron XSLT Engine Annotation Tools Test Suites Implementation Documentation External Ontologiess Classification Assistant Semantic Similarity Measure Semantic Alignment Algorithm External Ontologies Registry & Repository Qualified Schemas Data Exchange Requirements Business Forms Change Requests Link Annotations Change Requests Table Of Terms Existing Schemas Registry Entry Classification Scheme New Specifications Semantic Aware Lookup Assistant Requirement Gaps Discovered Schema Spread sheet Annotation Tools Schema Semantics Existing Data

13. Model Discovery

14. Model Validation

15. Model Piloting

16. Model Registration

17. Model Integration

18. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Overview of NIST Prototype Tools

19. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division XML Schema Validation Tool Objective: Ensure that schemas are compatible with a selected set of parsers Core Functionality: Validate one or more schemas or schema extensions with multiple selected parsers and schema files stored in a repository Status: Prototype

20. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Quality of Design Tool Objective: Ensure that XML schemas conform to a selected set of design practices, e.g., use of common and valid terms, NDR conformance, use of the XML Schema structures that enhance reusability, maintainability, clarity, and interoperability Core Functionality: A flexible environment for specifying and executing best practice rules against the schemas Status: Beta – Available upon request. Contact Serm, serm@nist.gov Serm, serm@nist.gov

21. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division XML Schema Naming Assister Objective: Ensure that type, element, and attribute names used in schemas are consistent within the schema and conform to ISO 11179 Naming Convention Core Functionality: Decompose names into Object Class, Property, and Representation Term tokens, validate them using a table of terms, and suggest alternate names Status: Prototype. Available at http://www.nist.gov/msid/Naming_Assister.html http://www.nist.gov/msid/Naming_Assister.html

22. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division XML Instance Validation Tool Objective: Ensure that schemas are compatible with a selected set of parsers, a set of sample data, a previous set of sample data (when the schemas have gone through changes) Core Functionality: Automatically validate one or more instance files against associated schemas with multiple selected parsers (in batch mode) Status: Prototype is available at http://www.nist.gov/msid/b2btestbed/semantic_checkin g.html http://www.nist.gov/msid/b2btestbed/semantic_checkin g.html

23. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Schematron Editor Tool Objective: Assist a user in creating Schematron Rules Core Functionality: Create Schematron with little or no knowledge of XPATH/XSLT syntax through expression wizards that allow drag-n-drop elements from an imported XML schema business document Status: Prototype – available on Sourceforge site http://www.sf.net/projects/cs-wizard http://www.sf.net/projects/cs-wizard

24. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Semantic Aware Lookup Assistant Objective: Assist the user when searching for a reusable business document or components that support data exchange requirements Core Functionality: Match data exchange requirements from the user with existing schemas and provide quantitatively measured results Status: Research has started

25. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Classification Assistant Objective: Provide a quantitative measure suggesting a suitable classification to register a component within a classification scheme Core Functionality: Given a data exchange specification (and documentation), proposed a ranked set of appropriate classification nodes Status: Research has not started

26. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Semantic Alignment Tool Objective: Provide quantitative analysis and suggestions for model harmonization Core Functionality: Analyze a newly registered data exchange specification against existing ones for semantically duplicative and overlapping structures and suggest alternatives Status: Research has not started

27. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Examples Support model validation XML Schema Validation tool Schema Quality of Design tool

28. Model Validation

29. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division What is Schema Qualification? Tests that a schema Works with relevant tools Consistently represents similar concepts Uses constructs that enhance reusability, maintainability, clarity, and interoperability Uses preexisting schemas correctly Use terms/names correctly and consistently

30. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Prototype Validation Service Uploads an XML schema to test against the W3C standard for XML Schemas Validates using multiple XML tools Provides access to a repository of schemas which may be extended (e.g., Universal Business Language schemas) Example 1 DEMO

31. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Schema Quality of Design Testing Tool Example 2 Contains computer interpretable rules based on naming and design guidelines from a number of sources Upload rules written in Schematron and JESS into rule-base Execute rules against schema and report results

32. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division

33. Application to Developing XML Schemas QOD applied to grants.gov schemas resulted in several warnings including Gobal elements declared in non-desirable places Anonymous/local types defined in non-desirable places The “Global” schema doesn’t declare a default namespace Document/Transaction level schemas define multiple global elements Non-determinism found Redeclaration of elements and types (e.g. programType) in different namespaces

34. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Benefits of MDLC Reduces labor involved in schema development Reduces deployment time and hesitation Supports reuse of schemas Identifies tools to help in the process

35. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Summary MDLC is a recipe for building robust data exchange specifications It drives development of tools and capabilities –Examples include Validation Service and Quality of Design tools Maximizes reuse of tools to serve a diverse collection of customers

36. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Contacts KC Morris – kcm@nist.govkcm@nist.gov Serm Kulvatunyou – serm@nist.govserm@nist.gov Josh Lubell – lubell@nist.gov Puja Goyal – pgoyal@cme.nist.govpgoyal@cme.nist.gov References Morris, KC, Kulvatunyou, Boonserm, Frechette, Simon, Lubell, Joshua, Goyal, P., XML Schema Validation Process for CORE.GOV, NISTIR 7187, (2004)Morris, KC Frechette, Simon Lubell, Joshua Goyal, P. XML Schema Validation Process for CORE.GOV

37. Summary of NIST Toolset Task AddressedToolStatus & Origin Diagnose XML Schema design quality by applying best practice rules as well as design guidelines published by an authoritative source. XML Schema Quality Assessment Tool and Rules Repository (QOD) Prototype, NIST Verify XML instance data with respect to the AEX XML schemas.XML Validation Page with WWW interface Prototype, NIST Verify the names in an XML Schema using a table of allowable terms and ISO11179 standard conventions. XML Schema Naming AssisterPrototype, NIST Define XML instance validation rules in Schematron language.Schematron Editor and Constraint Specification Wizard (CSW) Beta, NIST Transform an XML Schema and/or XML instance data according to a prescribed design pattern. XML Simplifier ToolPrototype, NIST Capture, codify, and execute business rules that are not captured in the XML Schema. Content Checking Tool (CVTS) http://syseng.nist.gov/b2bTestbed/proje cts/semanticChecking Prototype, NIST Verify an XML Schema interface implementation with respect to the input and output mapping of the content data onto the implementation data store. Content Mapping Conformance Testing Tool (MapTest) Prototype, NIST Monitor and verify choreography of business transactions encoded using the Business Process Specification Schema (BPSS). BPSS Process Monitor and Checking Tool (BPSS Monitor) Prototype, NIST Translate an XML Schema into the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and XML instances into OWL instances. XML Schema-to-OWL Converter (Xml2Owl) Prototype, NIST Determine model-based compatibility among OWL ontologies and consistency of an OWL instance with respect to an OWL ontology. OWL-based Integrator (OwlInt)Prototype, NIST Estimate semantically close concepts across two independently developed taxonomies. Semantic Proximity Estimator (Proxim) Research, NIST- Academia

38. Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Schema Quality of Design Testing Tool