1. Lesson 3 Understanding Equipment Monitoring Systems

2. Next Generation Science /Common Core Standards Addressed! CCSS.ELA Literacy. RST.9 ‐ 10.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to the precise details of explanations or descriptions. CCSS.ELA Literacy. RST.9 ‐ 10.7 Translate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text into visual form (e.g., a table or chart) and translate information expressed visually or mathematically (e.g., in an equation) into words. CCSS.ELA Literacy.RST.11 ‐ 12.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. CCSS.ELA Literacy. RST.11 ‐ 12.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text HSSIC.A.1 Understand statistics as a process for making inferences about population parameters based on a random sample from that population. (HS ‐ LS2 ‐ 6)

3. Bell Work / Student Learning Objectives 1.Understand how monitors work. 2.Understand what decisions can be made using data from monitors. 3.Understand what role monitors play in precision agriculture.

4. Terms Control monitor Flow monitors Geographic Information System Impact force sensor Monitor Population Radiometric sensor Yield monitors

5. Interest Approach Describe the following scenario to the students: A farmer states that their 80 acre field yielded 185 bushels per acre. Did every acre yield exactly 185 bushels? If some parts of the field were better than others, how can we tell what parts yielded best, and what areas did not yield well? What could we do to determine how each acre did?

6. Interest Approach Recommend that we could harvest each acre separately, and use a weigh wagon to determine how each acre yielded. Would that tell us how each acre did? Yes. Would it be time- efficient? No. How else could we measure yields more efficiently? A yield monitor would allow us to do that.

7. Objective One Understand how monitors work.

8. I.A Monitor is a computer that calculates the intake of a product, controls its output, or reports on the status of a farming operation. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

9. Monitors can be used in combines as yield monitors, in planting operations to show planting population, in hay balers to monitor bales as they are being made, and in fertilizer and pesticide applicators to control the rates that are applied to the soil. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

10. A. Monitors that report on the status of an operation are used in many planters and in baling hay. These types of monitors have sensors that send information to the computer, which is viewed by the operator of that equipment. Factors such as temperature, moisture and humidity can be monitored. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

12. Baler monitors accurately report on the progress of a bale being made, allowing the operator to make bales that are evenly produced. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

13. Planter monitors have sensors that collect data on seed as it is dropped from the seed box on the planter into the seed furrow. If no seed is falling in any box, an alarm sounds alerting the operator of the problem so that it can be corrected without leaving ground unplanted. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

14. The monitor then calculates what the seeding Population, or number of seeds planted per acre, is and can track how many acres have been planted in a particular field, and how many acres per hour are being planted. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

15. B. Monitors that control the application rates of products that are used in fertilizer and crop protection chemical applications are often referred to as Flow Monitors. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

16. Anhydrous ammonia applicators, pesticide sprayers, and fertilizer spreaders use these type of monitors, which are also called controllers, to deliver the correct rates of a product over entire fields. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

17. In all of these instances, the speed of the application vehicle and the output of the product being applied determine consistent delivery of these products. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

18. If a vehicle must travel 15 miles per hour to deliver the desired rate of 200 lbs. of fertilizer per acre, what happens if the vehicle drives faster than 15 miles per hour? Not enough product will be delivered, and the fertilizer will be under-applied, resulting in lower yield potential. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

19. The Control Monitor varies the rate of fertilizer applied depending upon the speed of the vehicle, and delivers a consistent desired rate per acre. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

20. C. Monitors that measure intake of products are called Yield Monitors. Yield monitors display how a crop is yielding as it is being harvested. The yield monitor makes constant calculations to determine the yield at a given point. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

21. Information needed to make these calculations includes harvesting width, which indicates how much area is being harvested at a given time. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

22. When the harvested area over a given time is known, a measurement of how much grain was harvested in that time must be known in order to calculate yield. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

23. Several types of sensors can determine the amount of harvested grain. One type is the Impact Force Sensor, which measures the pressure exerted upon a plate through electrical current to calculate total grain coming into the combine. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

24. A Radiometric Sensor system uses an isotope to produce radiation, and has a sensor on the opposite side of the tube that the grain flows through. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

25. The sensor compares the radiation that reaches it to what was emitted, and can calculate total grain based on that information. More grain absorbs more radiation, and thus does not reach the sensor. The radiation emitted is harmless to the grain and leaves no residue. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

26. Moisture is an important factor in determining yield as well, and yield monitors have built-in moisture sensors that can provide the operator with information regarding the moisture content throughout the field. These sensors use electrical current that flows between two plates. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

27. As the grain flows between the plates the sensors measure the electrical conductivity of the grain. The more moisture within the grain, the more moisture within the sensor. What is a monitor, and how does it work?

29. Objective Two Understand what decisions can be made using data from monitors.

30. What management decisions can be made using data from monitors? Using monitors allows producers to make a number of management decisions quickly to maximize time efficiency. Maximizing yield and profit is the ultimate goal.

31. What management decisions can be made using data from monitors? A.Yield monitors can collect on-farm testing results with no disruption of the harvest operation. They allow producers to instantly decide where the grain should be stored, dried or is ready for shipment. For example, grain with high moisture content needs to be dried and therefore, would receive a dock at the local elevator.

32. What management decisions can be made using data from monitors? Monitors eliminate the need to moisture test grain samples from each load marketed as was the procedure in the past. It is not necessary to “pull a sample”!

33. What management decisions can be made using data from monitors? B. Yield monitors can be used with mapping software to create maps that show yield from a field based on data that is collected every second. Producers can then compare that data to soil test maps, weed pressure maps, or any other type of information to determine what could make those yields better or more uniform in future years.

34. What management decisions can be made using data from monitors? This type of information all fits together in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to allow producers to make management decisions. A Geographic Information System uses layers of data to make decisions based on precise information.

35. What management decisions can be made using data from monitors? II. Using monitors allows producers to make a number of management decisions quickly to maximize time efficiency.

37. What role do monitors play in precision agriculture? III. When monitors are used in combination with GPS (Global Positioning System) equipment, they can enhance data collection and control the rate at which agricultural products are applied.

38. A.Variable Rate Application (VRA) of agricultural products, such as seed, fertilizer, and pesticides can be achieved through the monitor on the application equipment. The control monitor in combination with the GPS system changes the application rate of the product based on data entered into the computer. The rate will actually vary within one field at the time of application. What role do monitors play in precision agriculture?

39. Certain parts of the field get more or less fertilizer or seed based on the maps generated. As the application equipment travels through the field, the GPS receiver “reads” its own position, and applies the desired amount of material automatically. What role do monitors play in precision agriculture?

40. B. Yield monitors help create data layers that can be used in a geographic information system. As the yield monitor collects and displays information, it can be saved as often as once per second. What role do monitors play in precision agriculture?

41. This data can be downloaded into a computer to create maps and data sets that help determine how much fertilizer should be used the next time, and at what population the crop should be planted. What role do monitors play in precision agriculture?

43. Review/Summary A Monitor is a computer that calculates the intake of a product, controls its output, or reports on the status of an operation. Several types of sensors can determine the amount of harvested grain. One type is the Impact Force Sensor, which measures the pressure exerted upon a plate through electrical current to calculate total grain coming into the combine.

44. Using monitors allows producers to make a number of management decisions quickly to maximize time efficiency. When monitors are used in combination with GPS (Global Positioning System) equipment, they can enhance data collection and control the rate at which agricultural products are applied. Review/Summary

45. The End!