1. Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) The Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) supports Graphical User Interface (GUI) programming. AWT features include:  A rich set of user interface components  A robust event-handling model  Graphics and imaging tools, including shape, color, and font classes  Layout managers, for flexible window layouts that don't depend on a particular window size or screen resolution  Data transfer classes, for cut-and-paste through the native platform clipboard. AWT contains numerous classes and methods that allows you to create and manage windows. The AWT is part of the Java Foundation Classes (JFC).

2. AWT Classes The AWT classes are contained in the java.awt package. It is one of the Java's largest packages. ClassDescription AWTEventEncapsulates AWT events BorderLayoutBorder layout use five components: North, South, East, West and Center. ButtonCreates a push button control. CanvasA blank, semantics-free window. CardLayoutEmulate index cards. Only the one on top is showing. CheckboxCreates a checkbox control CheckboxGroupCreates a group of checkbox controls. ChoiceCreates a pop-up list. ColorManages colors in a portable, platform-independent fashion. ComponentAn abstract superclass for various AWT components. ContainerA subclass of Component that can hold other components.

3. DialogCreates a dialog window. EventEncapsulates events. FileDialogCreates a window from which a file can be selected. FlowLayoutPositions components left to right, top to bottom. FontEncapsulates a type font. FrameCreates a standard window that has a title bar, resize corners and menu bar. GraphicsEncapsulates a graphics context. GridBagConstraintsDefines various constraints relating to the GridBagLayout class. GridBagLayoutDisplays components subject to the constraints specified by GridBagConstraints. GridLayoutDisplays components in a two- dimensional grid. LabelCreates a label that displays a string. ListCreates a list from which the user can choose.

4. MenuCreates a pull-down menu. MenuBarCreates a menu bar. MenuItemCreates a menu item. PanelThe simplest concrete subclass of Container. PopupMenuEncapsulates a pop-up menu. ScrollbarCreates a scroll bar control. ScrollPaneA container that provides horizontal an/or vertical scrollbars for another component. TextAreaCreates a multiline edit control. TextComponentA superclass of TextArea and TextField. TextFieldCreates a single-line edit control. WindowCreates a window with no frame, no menu bar and no title.

5. Window Fundamentals  The AWT defines windows according to a class hierarchy that adds functionality and specificity with each level.  The two most common windows are those derived from Panel, which is used by applets, and those derived from Frame, which creates a standard window. Component Container Window Panel Frame Class hierarchy for Panel and Frame

6. Working with Graphics //Drawing Line syntax drawLine(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY) import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; public class Lines extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawLine(0,0,100,100); g.drawLine(0,100,100,0); g.drawLine(40,25,250,180); g.drawLine(75,90,400,400); g.drawLine(20,150,400,40); g.drawLine(5,290,80,19); }

7. //Drawing Rectangles //syntax drawRect(int top, int left, int width, int height) //syntax fillRect(int top, int left, int width, int height) import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; public class Rectangles extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawRect(10,10,60,50); g.fillRect(100,10,60,50); g.drawRoundRect(190,10,60,50,15,15); g.fillRoundRect(70,90,140,100,30,40); }

8. Drawing Ellipses and Circles syntax drawOval(int top, int left, int width, int height) syntax fillOval(int top, int left, int width, int height) import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; public class Ellipses extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawOval(10,10,50,50); g.fillOval(100,10,75,50); g.drawOval(190,10,90,30); g.fillOval(70,90,140,100); }

9. //Drawing Arcs // syntax drawArc(int top, int left, int width, int height, int startAngle, int sweepAngle) import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; public class Arcs extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawArc(10,40,70,70,0,75); g.fillArc(100,40,70,70,0,75); g.drawArc(10,100,70,80,0,175); g.fillArc(100,100,70,90,0,270); g.drawArc(200,80,80,80,0,180); }

10. // Drawing Polygons // syntax drawPolygon (int x[], int y[], int numPoints) // syntax fillPolygon (int x[], int y[], int numPoints) import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; public class Polygon extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { int xpoints[] = {30,200,30,200,30}; int ypoints[] = {30,30,200,200,30}; int num=5; g.drawPolygon(xpoints,ypoints,num); }

11. Color Demonstration Applet import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; public class ColorDemo extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { Color c1 = new Color(255,100,100); Color c2 = new Color(100,255,100); Color c3 = new Color(100,100,255); g.setColor(c1); g.drawLine(0,0,100,100); g.drawLine(0,100,100,0); g.setColor(c2); g.drawLine(40,25,250,180); g.drawLine(75,90,400,400);

12. g.setColor(c3); g.drawLine(20,150,400,40); g.drawLine(5,290,80,19); g.setColor(Color.red); g.drawOval(10,10,50,50); g.fillOval(70,90,140,100); g.setColor(Color.blue); g.drawOval(190,10,90,30); g.drawRect(10,10,60,50); g.setColor(Color.green); g.fillRect(100,10,60,50); g.drawRoundRect(190,10,60,50,15,15); }

13. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class FrameDemo extends Frame { public FrameDemo() { setTitle("Test Frame"); setBackground(Color.cyan); setSize(200,200); setVisible(true); addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we){ System.exit(0);} }); } public static void main(String args[]) { new FrameDemo(); }