1. The Neural Substrates of a Navigational Guidance System Lorelei Howard, Rebecca Knight and Hugo Spiers

2. Goal Person Navigating Goal Proximity Path Distance Egocentric Goal Direction Spiers & Maguire (2007) Variables An Example 1 2 3 4 5 12345 TT

3. Training: 1.Sent Map. Learn street layout, start and goal locations. 2.Visit Soho. 2 x 40 min sessions, tested with feedback, direction and distance judgements. 3.Pre-Scan. Tested on start and goal locations. Familiarised with task. Scanning: NAVIGATION CONTROL 3 MIN 20 SEC (REST) Event types: NAVIGATION CONTROL Goal Events Decision Point Turns Direction: L/R? Direction: L/R/F?Button Press: L/R/F Food/Drink: Y/N? Debriefing: - Find out routes taken rather than presuming they chose the optimum route each time

4. Scanning Details: -20 healthy participants -32-channel head coil -Similar sequences to previous -Total time: (3 min x 12) + (20 sec x 11) = 40mins (over 2 sessions) -10 min structural Analysis and Predictions: -SPM 8, with parametric modulation -mPFC: positive correlation with Goal Proximity (GP) -MTL: negative correlation with GP -PPC: positive correlation with Egocentric Direction to goal -HC: more active in viewing goals in NAV than CON blocks -PD tracked, possibly PFC? Questions: -Rest gap: 20 sec long enough? -Multiple parametric variables: issues/things to be aware of? -Eye-tracking: possible? set-up time?