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NOW WHERE HAVE I PUT MY GLASSES? A DISCUSSION AROUND DEMENTIA Dr Marion Overton U3A SCIENCE 19TH JUNE 2015
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Possible reasons for misplacing glasses Poor vision “Usual place” not there Preoccupation Disorientation Including “Toxic confusional state” Any other disturbance of brain function Eg depression, stroke
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What is Dementia? “Loss of recent memory” Brain cells die more quickly than in normal ageing Permanent Cognitive ability no longer adequate to cope with one’s environment
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How common is it? >800,000 people with dementia in UK Estimate > 1 million in 2021 17,000 aged under 65 In Derbyshire, 11 new diagnoses / day Cost: £26.2 billion per year Family & friend carers save £11 billion/year
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Types of Memory Working memory -short term (7 items) Episodic past events & emotions Semantic words & facts familiar faces & objects Prospective - future events Procedural - learnt activities (see “The Memory Handbook”)
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Brain Structure
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Causes of Dementia Alzheimer’s disease
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Alzheimer’s Disease
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Causes of Dementia Alzheimer’s disease Vascular Lewy Body
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Lewy Body dementia
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Causes of Dementia Alzheimer’s disease Vascular Lewy Body Rarer causes, some treatable, eg Alcohol Low vitamin B12 Low thyroid hormone
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How do I spot it in others? Recent memory Other brain function involvement eg Movement and Coordination Swallowing and speech Personality Challenging behaviour
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How is dementia diagnosed? Not by GPs! Memory testing eg MMSE Psychiatric assessment Review of medication Blood tests Brain scan
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How can it be treated? Cholinesterase inhibitors (MMSE 20-10) Aricept (Donezepil hydrochloride) Exelon (Rivastigmine) Reminyl (Galantamine) Occupational therapy, speech and language, community psychiatric nurses (National Dementia Strategy 2009)
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How can we help someone with dementia? “24-hour wraparound care for lifelong well- being” Contented Dementia by Oliver James ISBN 978-0-09-190180-6 1. No questions 2. Learn where your friend’s mind is now 3. Don’t contradict
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Practical care Research dementia care homes Lasting Power of Attorney, and a Will Claim benefits Lots of reassurance! But safety issues Get help with Challenging Behaviour Care for the Carers Become a Dementia Friend
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How can I avoid getting dementia? Genetic forms Vascular Delaying the onset “reinforcement of your cognitive reserve” “better recruitment of your neuronal network”
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Current Research areas Genetics –Alzheimer’s disease and Vascular dementia Early Diagnosis –abnormal proteins eg amyloid- beta Clinical tests for different types of dementia New drug treatments Immunotherapy –antibodies against rogue proteins
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Thank you Literature Alzheimer’s Society 0300 222 1122 help@alzheimers.org.uk, Help the Aged, Age Concern help@alzheimers.org.uk Friends www.dementiafriends.org.ukwww.dementiafriends.org.uk Carers 01773 743355 www.derbyshirecarers.co.ukwww.derbyshirecarers.co.uk Elder Abuse response line 080 8808 8141 marion.overton@btinternet.com
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