1. Domain Name Registration Presented By: Jessica Bradley David Cunningham John Morrison

2. Overview How To Register Your Domain Domain Name Policies and Regulations Domain Name Servers

3. ICANN.org Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Address Supporting Org. –IP Addresses Domain Name Supporting Org. – Domain Name Registration Protocol Supporting Org. – Parameters for Internet protocols

4. Domain Name S.O. 1993 - Network Solutions given the government contract to assign Domain Names April 1999 - Shared Registry System begins with 5 testbed companies Currently 32 active members 60 accredited, but not yet operational 18 awaiting accreditation

5. How to Register Select an Accredited Registrar Find a domain name to register Fill in the requested information Decide how long you want the name $35/year (up to 10 years) for.com,.net or.org or park the domain, $40/year (up to 10 years)

6. Number of Registrants * According to Network Solutions.com

7. Trademark Infringement Your domain name may not contain a registered trademark Trademark laws on the Internet follow the laws for normal use of trademarks Problem: Companies are using all permutations of their trademark to take away domain names EFF, DNRC, CPSR argue that it is unconstitutional

8. VW vs. VW vs. VW The Implicated Companies Volkswagen - vw.com (Automaker) Virtual Works – vw.net (Internet Firm) Virtually Wired – vw.org (CPSR) VW Trademark of Volkswagen Permutations infringe on trademark

9. Anti-Cybersquatting Act Cybersquatting: registering a domain name knowing that someone else wants it Threat of costing both innocent and illegal domain name holders up to $100,000 UDRP (Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy) Network Solutions and ICANN Any Domain Name found “infringing” on a registered trademark is forfeited to the holder of the name immediately Domain names with invalid registration information may be forfeited

10. Domain Name Registration Coalition Founded 1996 Opposes the Anti-Cybersquatting Act, ICANN “Represents the interests and views of entrepreneurs, small businesses and individuals on the Internet” Free speech on the internet, including your choice of domain names

11. Electronic Frontier Foundation Opposes Anti-Trademark bills passed by Government Trademark bills unconstitutional and take away freedom of speech Existing trademark bills allow companies in non-competing areas to use permutations of trademark. Internet trademark bills do not

12. DNS - What is it? Global network of servers Translates host names into numerical addresses villanova.edu --> 153.104.1.200 Ease of memorization is key reason Failure of DNS results: web sites cannot be located e-mail delivery stalls

13. DNS - History Designed in 1984 by Paul Mockapetris Originally maintained by Stanford Research Institute’s Network Information Center (SRI- NIC). As new hosts names came along, added to table a few times a week As the internet grew, table became huge

14. DNS - Current Distributed Database Hierarchical No single organization responsible for maintenance Most DNS Server = Unix machine running BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) software

15. DNS - Current (cont.) Two elements - name server and resolver name server supplies name-to-address conversions if unsuccessful, resolver passes to next name server Cache Server vs. Authoritative Server authoritative servers answer queries according to DNS protocols cache server query authoritative servers and store result for certain period of time can be combination of both based on zones

16. DNS - How it Works URL typed in by user Browser sends request to closest name server If name server has ever fielded request for that host name (within a certain time period set by administrators), locates information in cache and replies Otherwise it passes it to an authoritative name server (much like routers) If the servers are slow and computer times out, or host name does not exist, error message returned

17. Links ICANN: http://www.icann.orghttp://www.icann.org Network Solutions: http://www.networksolutions.com http://www.networksolutions.com DNRC: http://www.domain-name.orghttp://www.domain-name.org EFF: http://www.eff.orghttp://www.eff.org CPSR: http://www.cpsr.orghttp://www.cpsr.org United States Trademark and Patent Office: http://www.uspto.orghttp://www.uspto.org