1. First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

2.  Disease Early Warning System  Communicable Diseases (CD) basic principles.  Major disease threats in emergencies  Surveillance/DEWOS  Outbreak Control  Preparedness  Detection  Confirmation  Response  Evaluation

3. Resource: The Johns hopkins and IFRC Public Health Guide for emergency

4. Q) What are these factors?

5. ● Emergency medical and surgical care ● Safe water and adequate sanitation/hygiene ● Provision of safe food ● Provision of shelter (site planning) ● Immunization (measles = 1 st priority, later restart routine EPI) ● Access to 1° & 2° health services (case management) ● Disease surveillance/outbreak preparedness & control ● Vector control ● Environmental sanitation / waste disposal ● Health education

6. 1. Hygienic disposal of human feces 2. Sufficient and safe water supply 3. Hand-washing with soap 4. Health promotion 5. Food safety 6. Adequate living space 7. Adequate shelter 8. Nutrition 9. Medical intervention 10. Handling dead bodies 11. Vector control

7. Q) What are these factors?

8.  Lack of political commitments and funding  Poor surveillance system  Unskilled health care workers  Inadequate or incomplete case Tx  Over-reliance on preventive measures, e.g., chlorination of water, immunization, etc..

9.  Preparedness  Detection  Confirmation  Response  Evaluation

12.  Surveillance System/DEWOS, in place.  An outbreak response plan is written for the disease-covering resource, skills and activities required.

13.  Standard treatment protocols  Stockpiles of:  Essential treatment supplies  Essential Laboratory sampling kits  PPEs  Vaccine supplies  Availability/security of cold chain are established.

14.  Trained personnel  Suppliers (ORS, vaccines, vitamin A, iv fluids etc..  Treatment facilities (location, beds available)  Laboratory facilities  Transport (source of emergency transport and fuel, cold chain)  Communication  PCs  If vaccination required;  AD syringes  Vaccination facilities  Cold chain equipments

15.  Surveillance/epidemic thresholds  Outbreak control /Rapid response team  Composition  TOR Implementation of preparedness & response plan Resource mobilization Coordination Information disimination

16.  Laboratory conformation:  Collection of samples  Transportation of samples  Safe packaging  Tasting samples  Reporting/interpreting results

18.  Collection/analysis of descriptive data and development of hypothesis  Extent of the outbreak  Severity

19.  Follow-up of cases and contacts  Active case finding  Contact traicing  Further investigation/epidemiological studies  Case-control/cohort studies  Environmental investigations  Control  Prevention of exposure  Prevention of infection  Prevention of diseases  Prevention of death

20.  Patient isolation  Bio-hazardious materials -safe disposal of body fluids is essential especially in highly contagious diseases. - Sharp objects disposal.  Proper diagnosis and effective mangment

22.  Cause of the outbreak  Surveillance and detection of an outbreak.  Preparedness  Management  Control measures  feedback

23. Thanks