1. Splash Screen

2. Chapter Menu Introduction Section 1: Section 1: The Economy Section 2: Section 2: People and Their Environment Visual Summary

3. Chapter Intro 1 The United States and Canada are among the world’s top economic powers. A study of these nations today will reveal how people make their livings, how their economies are interrelated with each other and with other nations, and how their ways of life impact the environment.

4. Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: The Economy The characteristics and distribution of human populations affect physical and human systems. The economies of the United States and Canada have grown and changed according to where and how the citizens of the two countries live.

5. Chapter Intro 3 Section 2: People and Their Environment Human actions modify the physical environment. People of the United States and Canada are seeking ways to manage resources, overcome the effects of pollution, and avoid further damage to the environment.

6. Chapter Preview-End

7. Section 1-GTR The Economy This section discusses the economic activities, transportation and communications systems, trade relationships, and international role of the United States and Canada today.

8. Section 1-GTR market economymarket economy The Economy arable monopoly global economy trade deficit tariff trade surplus outsourcing postindustrial central business districtcentral business district retooling commodity

9. Section 1-GTR decline The Economy domestic monitoring

10. Section 1-GTR A.Silicon Valley The Economy B.Manufacturing Belt C.Wheat Belt D.Corn Belt E.Ohio River F.Trans-Canada Highway

11. A.A B.B C.C Section 1 The United States and Canada operate under what type of economy? A. Command economy B. Market economy C. Traditional economy The Economy

12. Section 1 The United States and Canada have market economies based on growing service and high-tech industries, as well as on manufacturing and agriculture. Economic Activities Both the U.S. and Canada are developing post- industrial economies.

13. The largest area of economic growth in both places is in service industries: Section 1 Manufacturing accounts for about 20% of both the U.S. and Canadian economies. Economic Activities (cont.) –Government –Education –Health care –Banking The Changing U.S. Workplace

14. Section 1 Economic Activities (cont.) Farming in the U.S. and Canada is overwhelmingly commercial, with agricultural commodities produced for sale. The number of farmers has decreased due to: –The high cost of farming –Unpredictable consumer demand –The risk of natural disasters –The time and hard work needed to run a farm

15. Section 1 Economic Activities (cont.) Key products: –Cattle –Wheat –Corn

16. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 A significant amount of the region’s manufacturing activities include which type of products? A.Transportation equipment and machinery B.Computers and other technological devices C.Building materials D.Tools and hardware

17. Section 1 People in the United States and Canada depend on reliable and continually improving transportation and communications systems. Transportation and Communications Reliable transportation and communication systems are essential due to: –The large land area of both countries –Their population distribution –Their need to move goods and services

18. Section 1 Transportation and Communications (cont.) The automobile has been the most popular means of personal transportation since WWII. Problems due to the automobile: –Air pollution –Traffic congestion The U.S. Interstate Highway System

19. Section 1 Transportation and Communications (cont.) –Air travel –Railroads –Ships/barges (inland waterways) –Trucks –Pipelines (gas and oil) Other means of transportation:

20. Section 1 Transportation and Communications (cont.) –Cellular and digital services –Television –Radio –Newspapers and magazines Communication networks:

21. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Which type of transportation is used to move the most goods? A.Railroads B.Ships/barges C.Trucks D.Airplanes

22. Section 1 The United States and Canada are connected to other countries through trade and in facing the challenges of global terrorism and building a more peaceful world. Trade and Interdependence The U.S. spends more on imports than it earns from exports, resulting in a trade deficit. However, Canada enjoys a trade surplus.

23. Section 1 Trade and Interdependence (cont.) In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement was signed (NAFTA), including the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. After September 11, 2001, the U.S. and Canada created the Smart Border action plan to enhance border security. U.S.- Canadian Interdependence

24. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Why does Canada have a trade surplus instead of deficit? A.Better government management B.Less tariffs C.Smaller population D.Outsourcing

25. Section 1-End

26. Section 2-GTR People and Their Environment This section discusses ecological damage caused by people and industries in the United States and Canada and the efforts being made to better manage resources, stop future pollution, and reduce the effects of current pollution.

27. Section 2-GTR clear-cutting People and Their Environment smog eutrophication conversion overfishing acid rain cooperative

28. Section 2-GTR A.New Orleans People and Their Environment B.Rio Grande C.Alaska

29. A.A B.B C.C Section 2 Large parts of eastern Canada still suffer from the effects of what brought on by the United States? A.Smog B.Acid rain C.Eutrophication People and Their Environment

30. Section 2 People in the United States and Canada are evaluating the negative effects of human activity on the environment and realizing the importance of managing natural resources wisely. Managing Resources Ways that the natural resources of the U.S. and Canada have been mismanaged: –Clear-cutting –Overfishing

31. Section 2 Managing Resources (cont.) –Hunting and driving away wildlife –The introduction of non-native plant and animal species to certain areas –Destruction of wetlands

32. A.A B.B C.C Section 2 What environmental issue are you most concerned about? A.Polluted air B.Polluted water C.Polluted land

33. Section 2 Human-made pollution has damaged the region’s environment in various ways, leading people to actively seek solutions to the problem. Human Impact Human-made pollution: –Acid rain –Smog –Sewage and industrial/agricultural wastes leaking into water

34. Section 2 Human Impact (cont.) Reversing the effects of pollution: –The U.S. and Canada signed the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement –The U.S. passed the Clean Water Act Energy Benefits and Drawbacks

35. A.A B.B C.C Section 2 Are there any ways that your community tries to reduce pollution? A.City ordinances or fines B.Alternative energies encouraged C.Construction of green homes or businesses

36. Section 2 Responding to global warming and developing clean, efficient, renewable energy sources are challenges for the future of the region. Future Challenges The effects of global warming can be seen in the Arctic regions of Alaska and Canada. The U.S. and Canada are working to diversify energy sources to lessen the dependency on fossil fuels.

37. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Which of the following factors do you think is most important when deciding on alternative energy sources? A.Dependability B.Efficiency C.Cost D.Availability

38. Section 2-End

39. VS 1 Changing Economies

40. VS 2 Environmental Crisis? The United States and Canada have mismanaged resources in the past. Pollutants were released into the air that have since caused acid rain, smog, and water pollution. New technologies, alternative energy sources, and stricter environmental standards are some of the ways the United States and Canada are repairing the environment.

41. VS-End

42. Figure 1

43. Figure 2

44. Figure 3

45. Figure 4

46. DFS Trans 1

47. DFS Trans 2 sulfur dioxide gas and water vapor

48. Vocab1 market economy an economic system based on free enterprise, in which businesses are privately owned, and production and prices are determined by supply and demand

49. Vocab2 postindustrial an economy with less emphasis on heavy industry and manufacturing and more emphasis on services and technology

50. Vocab3 central business district the traditional business and commercial center of a city or town, sometimes referred to as downtown

51. Vocab4 retooling converting old factories for use in new industries

52. Vocab5 commodity goods produced for sale

53. Vocab6 arable suitable for growing crops

54. Vocab7 monopoly total control of a type of industry by one person or one company

55. Vocab8 global economy the merging of resource management systems in which countries are interconnected and dependent on one another for goods and services

56. Vocab9 trade deficits spending more money on imports than earning from exports

57. Vocab10 tariff a tax on imports or exports

58. Vocab11 trade surplus earning more money from export sales than spending for imports

59. Vocab12 outsourcing the practice of subcontracting manufacturing work to outside companies, especially foreign or nonunion companies

60. Vocab13 clear-cutting the removal of all trees in a stand of timber

61. Vocab14 overfishing harvesting fish to the extent that certain species are depleted and the fishing area made less valuable

62. Vocab15 acid rain precipitation carrying large amounts of dissolved acids which damages buildings, forests, and crops, and kills wildlife

63. Vocab16 smog haze caused by the interaction of ultraviolet solar radiation with chemical fumes from automobile exhausts and other pollution sources

64. Vocab17 eutrophication process by which a body of water becomes too rich in dissolved nutrients, leading to plant growth that depletes oxygen

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