1. GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

2. What skills should our students be developing? Use existing databases Use existing databases Be able to produce charts on Excel Be able to produce charts on Excel Use Excel (or calculator) for number crunching Spearmans Rank Correlation Coefficient Use Excel (or calculator) for number crunching Spearmans Rank Correlation Coefficient

3. Statistical Exercise on Water Poverty Ready-made exercise to analyse relationship between variables and attempt to explain them: Ready-made exercise to analyse relationship between variables and attempt to explain them: Water Poverty Index Water Poverty Index % water use in agriculture % water use in agriculture Water consumption Water consumption GDP (PPP) GDP (PPP)

4. Application Edexcel – A2 Water Conflicts Edexcel – A2 Water Conflicts WJEC – A2 Sustainable Water Supply WJEC – A2 Sustainable Water Supply AQA – A2 Contemporary Conflicts and Challenges AQA – A2 Contemporary Conflicts and Challenges

5. Water Poverty Index Resources – the quantity of surface and groundwater per person, and its quality Resources – the quantity of surface and groundwater per person, and its quality Access – the time and distance involved in obtaining sufficient safe water Access – the time and distance involved in obtaining sufficient safe water Capacity – how well the community manages its water (and health) Capacity – how well the community manages its water (and health) Use – how economically water is used in the home and by agriculture and industry Use – how economically water is used in the home and by agriculture and industry Environment – ecological sustainability Environment – ecological sustainability

6. The Task – Acquiring Data Access World Resources Institute database Access World Resources Institute database http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/in dex.php?action=select_countries&theme= 2&variable_ID=1299 http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/in dex.php?action=select_countries&theme= 2&variable_ID=1299 http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/in dex.php?action=select_countries&theme= 2&variable_ID=1299 http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/in dex.php?action=select_countries&theme= 2&variable_ID=1299 Click on Water Resources and Freshwater Ecosystems from top menu Click on Water Resources and Freshwater Ecosystems from top menu

7. Acquiring data 1 Open the database for groundwater withdrawals - % used for agricultural purposes Open the database for groundwater withdrawals - % used for agricultural purposes Choose ONE country each – include different levels of development Choose ONE country each – include different levels of development Access other databases – Water Poverty Index and Water withdrawals, annual per capita Access other databases – Water Poverty Index and Water withdrawals, annual per capita

8. Acquiring data 2 Select from top menu Economy, Business, and the Environment – GDP per capita (PPP – current international dollars) Select from top menu Economy, Business, and the Environment – GDP per capita (PPP – current international dollars) Find latest value for your country Find latest value for your country Add all values to the class dataset and then make this available to the class Add all values to the class dataset and then make this available to the class

9. Correlation

10. Create Charts Select each of the first 3 variables to plot against GDP and create scatter graph for each Select each of the first 3 variables to plot against GDP and create scatter graph for each Add title, label axes Add title, label axes Click on chart area and add trendline Click on chart area and add trendline

11. Spearmans Rank Correlation Coefficient FIRST rank the values in each dataset FIRST rank the values in each dataset Calculate coefficient for each water variable against GDP (PPP) by correlating the ranks Calculate coefficient for each water variable against GDP (PPP) by correlating the ranks Use the formulae: =CORREL(A1:A10,B1:B10) Use the formulae: =CORREL(A1:A10,B1:B10)

12. Spearmans Rank Correlation Coefficient

13. Significance

14. Analysis - Wealth GDP (PPP) and Water Poverty Index Positive correlation R s = 0.83 As GDP (PPP) increases, so does the WPI (high is good!) Poverty means water poverty

15. Analysis - Wealth GDP (PPP) and Water Withdrawals for Agriculture Negative correlation R s = -0.71 As GDP (PPP) increases, water withdrawals for agriculture decreases. In poorer nations, a greater % of water is used in agriculture.

16. Analysis - Wealth GDP (PPP) and Water Withdrawals per Capita No correlation R s = 0.26 Other variables are more important here - Climate regions and variety within one nation - Water availability, rivers, lakes, reservoirs