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RG10(BSS) for Network Planners
Customer training material
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RG10 for Network Planners
Site Solution Hardware Support Flexi BSC(3i 3000) and Double Capacity AS7 Unit_BSS21149 Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i_BSS21157 PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical PCU HW configuration_BSS21226 Radio Network Performance AMR Handover Signaling Optimization_BSS20916 Unpacking AMR_BSS21120 Wideband AMR_BSS20960 Tandem Free Operation (TFO) for AMR_BSS21118 SDCCH and PS Data Channels on DFCA TRX_BSS21161 Downlink Dual Carrier_BSS21228 Improvement in Operability Energy Saving Mode For BCCH TRX_BSS20958 Flexi EDGE Dual TRX Automatic Power Down_BSS20984
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Flexi BSC and Double Capacity AS7 Unit
Site Solution Hardware Support Flexi BSC and Double Capacity AS7 Unit Benefits Architecture Configuration steps PCU capacity Dimensioning rules (BSC, BCSU, PCU, ET)
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Flexi BSC benefits Flexi BSC reduces OPEX
Site Solution Hardware Support Flexi BSC benefits PDFU BCSU 2 BCSU 1 BCSU 3 BCSU 5 BCSU 4 BCSU 6 FTRB CLS GSW2KB OMU BCSU 7 MCMU GTIC ETC LANU Flexi BSC Flexi BSC reduces OPEX Circuit-switched capacity for voice Erlangs Packet data capacity for EDGE evolution up to Abis links (16kbit/s) 3000 TRXs and 3000 BTS sectors/sites in one cabinet Scalable in 6 HW capacity steps (BCSUs) from TRX to 3000 TRX, license step one TRX New support of IP/Ethernet for all interfaces Flexible transmission types (E1/T1, STM-1/OC- 3, IP/Ethernet) Very high footprint efficiency Excellent power consumption efficiency
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Flexi BSC architecture
Site Solution Hardware Support Flexi BSC architecture Marker and Cellular Management Unit (MCMU) Supervising of GSWB, executing RRM functions, internal traffic handling by Ethernet Message Bus (EMB) and LAN Switching Units (SWUs) Base Station Controlling and Signalling Unit (BCSU) Handling of signalling traffic (LAPD, SS7) incl. PCU Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) Supporting O&M for Flexi BSC incl. storage devices (interfaces to user/OMC/transmission/peripherals, alarm collection and indications, system configuration/management, BSC3i maintenance/administration, LAN topology management) Bit-oriented Group Switch (GSWB) Switching CS/PS traffic, connecting signalling circuits Exchange Terminal (ET) Connecting of transmission systems (E1/T1, STM1/OC3, PWE3) to GSWB; several ET types are possible within Flexi BSC: ET16, ETS2, ETIP Clock and Synchronization Unit (CLS) Generating clock signals for BSC3i
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Flexi BSC Configuration Steps
Site Solution Hardware Support Flexi BSC Configuration Steps Overview on Flexi BSC capacity The following table presents the main capacity figures of the Flexi BSC #TRX per BSC 1…500 501…1000 1001…1500 1501…2000 2001…2500 2501…3000 #active BCSU 1 2 3 4 5 6 max #BTS / #BCF 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 max #logical PCU2-E 5 10 15 20 25 30 max #PS Abis 5120 10240 15360 20480 25600 30720 max #RTSL 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 24000 max #SS7 links: 64 kbps 128 kbps 256 kbps 512 kbps 1024 kbps HSL 8 4 2 1 16 8 4 2 16 12 6 3 16 8 4 16 10 5 16 12 6 HSL: High Speed Link (Min 1Mbps , Max 2Mbps) SET: SDH Exchange Terminal max #LAPD (*1) 992 1984 2976 3968 4960 5952 #PCM (*2): ET16 SET ETIP 50 16 8 50 16 8 50 16 8 50 16 8 50 16 8 50 16 8 (*1): #LAPD links achievable with “low capacity” SS7 links. Therefore in 3000 TRX conf. SS7 over IP (SIGTRAN) is recommended. (*2): #controllable PCM lines does not depend on #BCSU
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PCU capacity in Flexi BSC
Site Solution Hardware Support PCU capacity in Flexi BSC PCU functionality in Flexi BSC can be realized by both: PCU2-E, a new plug in unit offering significant capacity enhancements PCU2-D, The following PCU configurations are feasible in Flexi BSC : Each BCSU can be equipped with up to 5 PCU BCSU can have a mixture of PCU2-D/PCU2-E With Asymmetric PCU configuration feature all BCSUs within one BSC do not need identical PCU configurations PCU2-D comprises 2 logical PCU, each logical PCU can handle up to 256 Abis PS PCU2-E comprises 1 logical PCU, it can handle up to 1024 Abis PS
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Dimensioning Flexi BSC
Site Solution Hardware Support Dimensioning Flexi BSC Dimensioning concept same as with BSC3i: All static and dynamic limits are checked against the corresponding values determined per planning area The basic formula is used to calculate the number of BSCs in a given area The initial BSC utilization level is considered to leave capacity for future extensions and traffic growth Flexi BSC offers high scalability and configuration variety: In a given BSC the following items are calculated The number required of BCSUs The number of required PCUs The number and types of the interface units/ports
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Dimensioning BCSU Working BCSU is needed for each 500 TRXs
Site Solution Hardware Support Dimensioning BCSU Working BCSU is needed for each 500 TRXs Every BCSU is equipped with the number of AS7-D units sufficient to handle signalling traffic produced by 500 TRX Also other units (power supply, CPU, memory) are always installed and do not need to be computed Apart from this, BCSU can be equipped with up to 5 PCUs The number of working BCSU per Flexi BSC can be computed by formula below: Regardless of the amount of working BCSU an extra spare one is always needed for redundancy N+1 redundancy principle applies for the BCSUs
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Site Solution Hardware Support
Dimensioning PCU2-E PCU2-E has several static limits (#Abis channels, #TRX, #BTS, #segments, #EDAPs, …) (For details about PCU2-E static limits please refer to product documentation) Usually the most critical parameter in PCU dimensioning is the number of Abis channels that can be managed by PCU PCU2-E serves 1024 Abis kbps PCU2-D serves 256 Abis kbps The number of PCU can be computed by means of the formula below:
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Site Solution Hardware Support
Dimensioning ET The number of Exchange Terminals (of given type) depend on how many PCM lines is terminated in Flexi BSC and what connectivity configuration has been chosen The number of PCM lines can be computed by means of the formula below: The next step is to decide which PCM lines will be connected to ET16, ETS2 and ETIP and to compute the required amount of PIU and cartridges to be installed
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Site Solution Hardware Support
Dimensioning ET Then the number of particular PIU can be computed as follows (ETSI standard): Please note that the actual number of ETS2 PIU depends on the number of required SET and number of optical interfaces activated per ETS2 (1 or 2 optical interfaces may be active): 1 optical interface per ETS2 active: 2 optical interfaces per ETS2 active: PW : Pseudo Wire
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Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i
Benefits Hardware Requirements Functionality Planning and dimensioning aspect
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Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i Benefits
Ethernet based transmission networks are cheaper that E1/T1 networks comparing the same bandwidths At the same time, more and more transport resources are expected to be needed due to: Availability of services which leads to increase in data rates and in the amount of transport resources Collaboration on the same site base station operating in different technologies (e.g. GERAN, UTRAN ) Exchange Terminal for IP (ETIP) is fully integrated with the existing HW platform ETIP (ETIP1-A) is designed in such a way that allows to be used instead of ETS2 or ET16, Extends BSC3i/TCSM3i products flexibility and gives operator many new configuration possibilities Any mixture of all S14 compatible Exchange Terminals is fully allowed All these reasons cause that IP over Ethernet BSS interfaces are supposed to be the most efficient realization of transport network in GERAN
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Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i ETIP1-A plug in unit
ETIP1-A characteristics 8+8 ETIP can be installed in Flexi BSC 8+8 ETIP can be installed in BSC3i 1000/2000 4+4 ETIP can be installed in TCSM3i (stand-alone) 126 E1 / 168 T1 per ETIP1-A (in BSC3i) 128 E1/T1 per ETIP1-A (in TCSM3i) 512 different WS (Pseudo Wires) 512 different PSN tunnels Fast Ethernet / Gigabit Ethernet external connectors FastE: mainly to be used for local O&M interface GigE: mainly to be used for PSN interface PSN: Packet Switched Network
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Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i Functionality
TDM links can be replaced by IP over Ethernet links Mapping of TDM traffic into IP packets possible thanks to PWE3 (Pseudo Wire Emulation) PWE3 is a standardized mechanism which emulates the essential attributes of a service into Packet Switched Network (PSN). Different services can be emulated by PWE3 with CESoPSN functionality (i.e.PWE3 of TDM traffic ) IP solution is applicable for Flexi BSC, BSC3i, TCSM3i and FlexiEDGE BTS products PWE for other elements can be implemented by additional products e.g. hiD3105/3140HD.
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Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i
Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i PWE3 realization in BSS: CESoPSN CESoPSN functionality Circuit Emulation Service over PSN performs the following activities: The TDM bit stream is segmented according to the user specified Time Slot Set (TSS) bits transmitted by indicated PCM TS in subsequent TDM frames Headers are added to each segment to form a manageable packet (encapsulation) Packets are forwarded to the PSN tunnel and transmitted to its destination over Ethernet network At destination, the original bit stream is reconstructed by removing headers, concatenating frames and regenerating the timing CESoPSN Header Ch2 Ch24 … Ch1 TS1 TS31 TS0 an E1 line TDM frame #1 TDM frame #2 TDM frame #3 TSS composed of 31 TS TS2 payload header a resulting PW (also called CESoPSN packet) 3 TDM frames mapped PW composed of 31 TS Ref. P. Spennemann, Internal Ethernet/IP Interfaces for BSS Feature Request Sheet, FRS 94060, version 2.0, May 2007
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Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i
Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i Planning and dimensioning aspects Number of ETIP are needed to map the desired TDM traffic into a PSN using Ethernet links with chosen bandwidth (FE vs. GE) . The following dimensioning aspects are: Decide/choose which particular lines shall be mapped to a PSN Define PWs (from TSS) for each PCM line to be mapped to a PSN Define how many TDM frames shall be multiplexed within particular CESoPSN packets Compute a bandwidth required by each and every PW Compute the number of required ETIP1-A BSC3i can have mixture of traditional TDM lines (ET16, ETS2) and PW lines (ETIP)
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Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i
Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i Planning and dimensioning aspects Parameters The number of consecutive TDM frames per CESoPSN packet (Nf) The time slot set i.e. the number of TSL from the original E1/T1 (TSS) Use of VLAN (CESoPSN header 74 octets with VLAN and 70 octets without VLAN) Required Ethernet bandwidth: Illustration: TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS29 bundle 1 - 29 (CESoPSN) 2 frames multiplexed, packetization time of 2*125μs = 250 μs Packet Header TS0 TS30 TS31 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13 TS14 TS15 TS16 TS17 TS18 TS19 TS20 TS21 TS23 TS24 TS25 TS26 TS27 TS28 TDM frame (E1) 32 timeslots 125 s TSx Timeslot allocated for Abis Timeslot unused multiplier = 2
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Planning and dimensioning aspects Dimensioning aspects
Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i Planning and dimensioning aspects Dimensioning aspects Calculation example Given: 126 E1 lines to be mapped 1 PW per E1 line (each TSS composed of 31 TSs) 8 TDM frames per packet CESoPSN header length of 74 bytes (VLAN is enabled) Gigabit Ethernet and Fast Ethernet links shall be checked Calculations: packetization latency = 125 · Nf = 1000 μs (cf. eq. 2) => will be needed for time budget payload = 8 * TSS * Nf = 1984 bits (cf. eq. 2) => 248 bytes; payload size acceptable header = 8 * header_length = 592 bits (cf. eq. 2) BW / PW = ( ) / 1000 = Mbit/s (cf. eq. 1) OHF = ( ) / 1984 = 1.29 29% (cf. eq. 4) BW / PSN = * 126 = Mbit/s (cf. eq. 7) GE link load = / 1000 = 32.5% => all 126 E1 can be served by 1 ETIP FE link load = / 100 = % => not possible!!! With FE, 5 ETIP would be needed to handle 126 E1 126 E1 can be handled by 1 ETS2 (with 2 optical interfaces) OHF : Off Hook Factor
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Planning and dimensioning aspects Impact on implementation planning
Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i Planning and dimensioning aspects Impact on implementation planning TCSM aspects Stand-alone TCSM3i has the following characteristics Comprises of 1…6 TC2C cartridges in a single Transcoder Cabinet Each TC2C houses 2 TR3E/TR3A PIUs One TC2C cartridge can house two extension steps One TC2C cartridge consist of up to 16 TR3E/TR3A units each up to 120 channels plus selected interface cards Each TR3x has the following transcoding capacity: TR3E: 960 TCH ETSI (8 E1 Ater lines) TR3A: 768 TCH ANSI (8 T1 Ater lines) Fully equipped TCSM3i can support: 6 TC2C × 2 TR3E × 960 = TCH ETSI 6 TC2C × 2 TR3A × 768 = 9216 TCH ANSI 6 TC2C × 2 TR3E × 8 Ater lines = 96 E1/T1 Ater 384 E1/T1 A-IF up to 24 BSC can be connected to a single TCSM3i cabinet Implementation of CESoPSN in TCSM3i 4 (active + spare) ETIP1-A can be installed in TCSM3i: 1 ETIP is used to handle Ater interface 3 ETIP are used to handle A interface, one ETIP can serve 2 (adjacent) TC2C If the whole Ater is over IP the Ater ETIP in TCSM3i has to be configured as a synch master and an ETIP in the BSC as a synch slave. Ref. P. Koski, M. Saukko, H. Tervonen, J. Toivinen, PWE Transport Support in BSC3i and TCSM3i, Requirements Specification, BSS21157, version 1.1.0, January 2008
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Planning and dimensioning aspects Impact on implementation planning
Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i Planning and dimensioning aspects Impact on implementation planning Redundancy aspects ETIP1-A PIU is represented by functional unit ETIP Redundancy implementation concept are: HW protection (N+N, active PIU has its own spare one) Line protection (each board has two individual Ethernet interfaces while only one of them is active at the time) IP addressing IP addresses of the devices installed in FlexiBTS, BSC3i, TCSM3i are used during creation of PSN tunnel and its PWs: any mismatch is to be avoided
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BSS14 for Network Planners
PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical … BSS14 for Network Planners Hardware Support Flexi BSC and Double Capacity AS7 Unit. Integrated IP card for BSC3i and TCSM3i PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical PCU HW configuration
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PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical PCU HW configuration Benefits
Configuration and capacity Dimensioning rules (connectivity and asymmetrical setup) Modified parameters, new alarms
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PCU2 HW Evolution and Asym. PCU HW config. Benefits
PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical … PCU2 HW Evolution and Asym. PCU HW config. Benefits PCU related S14 features are expected to bring the following benefits PCU2-E Allows to increase packet data capacity within the same space Optimized for Flexi BSC Supports higher user peak rates Better Gb link utilization. More cells per PCU gives better multiplexing gain in Gb. Asymmetrical PCU HW configuration Optimizes and simplifies PCU usage in different BCSU Less PCU plug in units needed with the feature Its benefit can be immediately seen in the scenarios like: PCU capacity extension (in a single BCSU): user needs to add only 1 single PCU to the BCSU where insufficient PCU capacity is observed TRX capacity extension: user needs to add another BCSU (without or with minimum PCU configuration) Various amount of PCUs in different BCSU
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PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical …
Benefits of PCU2-E PCU2-E can also be used in the BSC3i 660 and BSC3i 1000/2000 Performance improvement is a prime reason to install PCU2-E in BSC3i types Mixture of PCU2-E and PCU2-D is possible within BSC3i Due to different internal structure in BSC3i and Flexi BSC the PCU2-E can reach half of its max possible capacity in when used in BSC3i 660/1000/2000 PCU2-E can handle up to 512 Abis channels in BSC3i 660/1000/2000
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Characteristics of PCU2-E PCU2-E capacity
PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical … Characteristics of PCU2-E PCU2-E capacity PCU2-E capacity is collected in the table below together with the respective values of PCU2-D for comparison The capacities below are achievable per logical PCU in Flexi BSC Parameter PCU2-E PCU2-D #logical PCU 1 2 #Abis channels 1024 256 #BTS objects 384 128 #EGPRS cells 256 64 #GPRS/EGPRS TRX 1024 / 720 256 / 192 #EDAP 60 16 #BCF 384 128 Note: PCU2-D capacity figures are maintained in RG10 in comparison to S13 ones
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Gb interface capacity for PCU2-E and PCU2-D
PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical … Gb interface capacity for PCU2-E and PCU2-D Parameter PCU2-E PCU2-D # max Gb throughput per logical PCU )* 8 Mbps (128 TSL x 64 kbps) 2 Mbps (32 TSL x 64 kbps) # of bearer channels per logical PCU 16 FRL/NS-VC 4 FRL/NS-VC capacity per FR link 1…31 TSL (1984 kbps) 1…31 TSL (1984 kbps) Total rate of FRLs / logical PCU 128 x 64 kbps 32 x 64 kbps *) incl. both user traffic and overheads Overall, applicable for both PCU2-E / PCU2-D Max Gb throughput can be reached with more than 1 FRL Gb over FR: capacity of the Frame Relay links may limit the PCU throughput Gb over IP: Gb connectivity does not limit the PCU throughput
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Possible configuration of PCU2-E
PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical … Possible configuration of PCU2-E PCU2-E can be installed in Flexi BSC and any BSC3i but certain additional rules exist PCU2-E can be installed neither in BSCi nor in BSC2i There are 2 rules to be considered when using PCU2-E in BSC3i 660/1000/2000 Limited number of PCU slots in BCSU can host PCU2-E due to limitations of power supply and cooling systems 512 Abis channels can be reached due to connectivity implementation in BSC3i 660/1000/2000 BSC type BSC3i 660 BSC3i 1000 BSC3i 2000 Flexi BSC max #PCU2-E per BCSU 1 (not 2) 3 (not 5) 5 #Abis channels per PCU2-E 512 1024 #active BCSU per BSC / #logical PCU per BSC 6 / 6 5 / 15 10 / 30 6 / 30 Abis bw in max conf ~ 98 Mbps ~204 Mbps ~ 409 Mbps ~ 491 Mbps
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Mixed PCU configuration
PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical … Mixed PCU configuration Different amount of PCUs in different BCSUs of the same BSC or different PCU HW variants in the same slots of different BCSUs ‘mixed PCU configuration’ is possible however some restrictions exist, i.e. the following mixtures are allowed within the same BCSU track of different BCSU PCU, PCU-S, PCU-T, PCU2-U, empty slot PCU-B, PCU2-D, empty slot PCU2-E, empty slot Mixed PCU configuration in such context is a new functionality that leads to “asymmetrical” PCU configuration
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Asymmetrical PCU configuration
PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical … Asymmetrical PCU configuration Asymmetrical PCU configuration is available as a separate RG10 feature Before the feature: Each BCSU in the BSC is equipped with the same PCU configuration (number of PCUs and their type) For e.g. let’s assume a BSC3i 2000 equipped with 10 (active) BCSUs and 1 PCU in each BCSU Let’s say that 1 out of 10 BCSUs needs another PCU to be installed (due to PS traffic) To do so, each and every BCSU would need to have second PCU installed 10 extra PCUs are needed in case of fully equipped BSC3i 2000 to add 1 PCU in 1 BCSU
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Asymmetrical PCU configuration
PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical … Asymmetrical PCU configuration With the feature: PCU can be installed and activated according to actual traffic needs with granularity 1 in every BCSU separately Each active BCSU can have different number of PCUs (depending on actual traffic requirements), i.e. it may happen that some BCSU have no PCU units while the other ones have some PCU installed Different PCU types can be mixed in the same BSC/BCSU (restrictions concerning the same BCSU track exist -> see previous slide) BCSU which is marked as primary spare must be equipped with the number of PCU sufficient to replace any of the active BCSU
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PCU2 HW and SW Activation in S14
PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical … PCU2 HW and SW Activation in S14 For E.g. with Flexi BSC and with Asymmetrical PCU HW Configuration PCU2-E HW is installed according traffic requirements PCU2-E SW is activated according traffic requirements In minimum one PCU2-E HW unit + one PCU2-E HW unit for spare BCSU In maximum four PCU2 BSW licenses per one PCU2-E HW plug-in unit One PCU2 BSW license = 256 Abis channels (16 kbit/s) Example : Minimum configuration for 1 BSC => 1 + 1 PCU2-E HW units + one PCU2 BSW license PCU2-E HW PCU2 BSW Spare BCSU OPTIONAL – activated according traffic requirements
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Impact of PCU2-E introduction on PCU dimensioning/planning
PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical … PCU2-E Dimensioning Impact of PCU2-E introduction on PCU dimensioning/planning Overall PCU HW requirements for BSS14 All existing PCU units (PCU1, PCU2) could still be used with the basic S14 SW release All new packet data related application SW features would require PCU2 Impact of introduction of PCU2-E on PCU dimensioning Dimensioning concept does not need to be modified All static limits must be checked against the corresponding values determined per BSC (planning area) Utilization rate should be additionally taken into account The basic formula used for PCU dimensioning is
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Parameters No new parameters
PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical … Parameters No new parameters Modified parameters: only ranges of those parameters that are explicitly dependent on modified static limits should be subject to modification, e.g. new PCU variant (PCU2-E) must be configurable in addition to former types Parameter name (abbreviation) Range and step, default value Description Object name Plug-in Unit Type (piuType) Range: 276 (pcu_c), 365 (pcu_s_c), 379 (pcu_t_c), 398 (pcu2_u_c), 979 (pcu_b_c), 985 (pcu2_d_c), 995 (pcu2_e_c), 1023 (no_piu_type_info_c) Default: 1023 PCU plug-in unit type. The attribute describes the PCU HW variant. PCU Bearer Channel Identifier (frBearerChannelId) Range: 0…479 Step: 1 Default: - Bearer channel identifier. The attribute allows to define the bearer channel ID. Note! Range: 0..95 for BSC3i 660 for BSC3i 2000 for BSC3i 3000 (6 BCSU/BSC × 5 PCU2-E/BSCU × 16 FRLorNSVC/PCU) 0..63 for other BSCs NSVC, FRBC
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PCU2 HW Evolution and Asymmetrical …
Counters and alarms PCU2-E requires no new counters nor measurements (apart from FRL measurement), it does not affect functional triggering points either) only the amount of FRL measurements is extended due to increase in the number of FRL supported No new alarms are introduced due to PCU2-E only the amount of alarms (since the alarm count parameter is generally scaled according to the number of object instances raising the alarm) is to be extended (e.g. EGPRS DYNAMIC ABIS POOL FAILURE from 16 to 60 objects) New alarms related to ‘Asymmetrical PCU configuration’ primary_spare_bcsu_missing_a: PCU configuration of BSC is asymmetrical and primary spare BCSU unit definition is missing primary_spare_bcsu_invalid_a: Primary spare BCSU unit PCU configuration is invalid. Primary spare BCSU unit can not replace all BCSUs NSVC: Network Service Virtual Connection
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