1. Stochastic Simulations Monday, 9/9/2002 Monte Carlo simulations are generally concerned with large series of computer experiments using uncorrelated random numbers. Explore order out of randomness Random sampling Fractoemission Diffusion Polymer Growth model

2. Hit-or-Miss Random Sampling

3. Buffons Needle

4. Fracto-emission

5. Fracto-emission Measuring System

6. Zigzag Crack Profile Model Fracto-emission particles bounce at the irregular surfaces.

7. Longtime Decay of the Fracto-emission Intensity

8. Random Walk Haphazrad paths on a lattice A drop of ink through water.

9. One Dimensional Random Walk http://polymer.bu.edu/java/java/1drw/1drwapplet.html Wandering ant Try and extract an equation from the plot relating the mean squared distance to the step number.

10. Question How do the answers change is the probability is p (!= 1/2) to move right and 1-p to move left (a forward- or reverse- biased motion)?

11. Diffusion Screen shots of the trajectory of 500 random walkers, started together at the center.

12. Extension of Random Walk This model is a two- dimensional extension of a random walk. Displayed is the territory covered by 500 random walkers. As the number of walkers increases the resulting interface becomes more smooth.

13. Different kinds of random walks on a square lattice Random Walk (RW): the walker may cross the walk in an infinite number of times with no cost. Self-Avoiding Walk (SAW): the walker dies when attempting to intersect a portion of the already completed walk. Growing Self-Avoiding Walk (GSAW): the process proceeds at first as for SAWs, but a walker senses a trap and chooses instead between the remaining safe directions so that it can cancontinue to grow.

14. Polymer Model Bond lengths of polymers tend to be rather fixed as do bond angles. Thus, as a more computationally friendly model we may construct a polymer which is made up of bonds which connect nearest neighbor sites (monomers) on a lattice. Schematic model for polyethylene

15. Polymers as Long Molecular Chains

16. Self-Avoiding Random Walk Mean square distance of gyration of a linear polymer molecule consists of N monomer unites has the leading asymptotic behavior

17. Diffusion Limited Aggregation (DLA) A seed is placed at the center of the box. A point is chosen at random in the box, excluding a zone around the cluster. A particle then random walks from this point until it either sticks to the cluster or is lost from the box.

18. DLA Growth Model http://apricot.polyu.edu.hk/~lam/dla/dla.html

19. Thermodynamic Force Driven Self Assembly How to grow desired fine nanoscale structures by pre-patterning some coarse structures.

20. Monte Carlo vs. Kinetic Monte Carlo