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Ecological Succession Notes
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Ecological Succession
Ecosystems are constantly changing in response to natural and human disturbances.
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As an ecosystem changes, older inhabitants gradually die out and new organisms move in, causing further changes in the community.
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Definitions Ecological Succession – a series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time. Includes - slow changes in the physical environment or sudden natural disturbances from human activities like clearing forests.
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Primary Succession – On land, succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists.
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Colonization of new sites by communities of organisms – takes place on bare rock
Pioneer species – the first species to inhabit an area. Ex. Lichens are the first to colonize lava rocks
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Primary Succession – Ex. #1
When volcanic eruptions build new islands or cover land with lava rock or volcanic ash.
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Primary Succession – Ex #2
When bare rock is exposed as glaciers melt.
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PRIMARY SUCCESSION
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Secondary Succession – when a disturbance of some kind changes an existing community without removing the soil – takes place on existing soil.
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Secondary Succession – Ex. #1
When land cleared and plowed for farming is abandoned.
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Secondary Succession – Ex. #2
When wildfires burn woodlands.
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SECONDARY SUCCESSION
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Climax Community –a mature, stable community that undergoes little or no succession.
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Succession Clip and Mt. Saint Helens
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