1. 12.3 Buoyancy is a force
Buoyancy is a measure of the upward force a fluid exerts on an object that is submerged.
The water in the pool exerts an upward force that acts in a direction opposite to the boy’s weight.

2. 12.3 Volume and buoyancy
The strength of the buoyant force on an object in water depends on the volume of the object that is underwater.
As you keep pushing downward on the ball, the buoyant force gets stronger and stronger. Which ball has more volume underwater?

3. 12.3 Weight and buoyancy
In the third century BC, a Greek mathematician named Archimedes realized the relationship between displaced fluid and the buoyant force
Archimedes’ principle states : The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.

4. So a rock that displaces 9.8 N of water will have a buoyant force of 9.8 N and weigh 9.8 N less while under water.

5. 12.3 Weight and buoyancy
Buoyancy explains why some objects sink and others float.
Whether an object sinks or floats depends on how the buoyant force compares with the weight.

6. Why objects Sink or Float?
What will happen if the buoyant force on an object is equal to its weight?
It Floats!!
What will happen if the buoyant force on an object is less than its weight?
It Sinks!!
What will happen if the buoyant force on an object is MORE than its weight?
It will pop up, like a beach ball when pressed under water. It only needs to displace its weight!!!

7. 12.3 Density and buoyancy
What can you say about the average density of these blocks?

8. 12.3 Density and buoyancy
If you know an object’s density you can quickly predict whether it will sink or float.
Which ball will sink in water?
Which ball will float in water?

9. 12.3 Density and buoyancy
When they are completely underwater, both balls have the same buoyant force because they displace the same volume of water.

10. 12.3 Density and buoyancy
Average density helps determine whether objects sink or float.
An object with an average density GREATER than the density of water will sink.
An object with an average density LESS than the density of water will float.

12. 12.3 Boats and average density
Use your understanding of average density to explain how steel boats can be made to float.

13. 12.3 Boats and average density
If you have seen a loaded cargo ship, you might have noticed that it sat lower in the water than an unloaded ship nearby.
This means a full ship must displace more water (sink deeper) to make the buoyant force large enough to balance the ship’s weight.