1. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop Spectral Line Image Analysis and Visualization Bärbel Koribalski (ATNF, CSIRO)

2. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop Interesting spectral lines, e.g. HI (21-cm, 1420.405 MHz) !!! = neutral atomic hydrogen HI (21-cm, 1420.405 MHz) !!! = neutral atomic hydrogen HCN (3mm, 89632 MHz) = molecular hydrogen cyanid HCN (3mm, 89632 MHz) = molecular hydrogen cyanid SiO (3mm, 86243 MHz) = maser line SiO (3mm, 86243 MHz) = maser line … many, many, many more … many, many, many more

3. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop Let’s concentrate on HI : There is lots of neutral hydrogen gas in galaxies -> HI is easy to detect There is lots of neutral hydrogen gas in galaxies -> HI is easy to detect HI traces the large-scale structure and kinematics of galaxies HI traces the large-scale structure and kinematics of galaxies HI rotation curve -> gas and total mass HI rotation curve -> gas and total mass HI also traces HVCs and tidal gas clouds -> study galaxy collisions HI also traces HVCs and tidal gas clouds -> study galaxy collisions HI emission and absorption studies HI emission and absorption studies

4. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop 1. Experiment (quick and dirty) HI snapshot observations HI snapshot observations e.g., observe 5 galaxies for 10 min. each plus nearby phase calibrator(s) e.g., observe 5 galaxies for 10 min. each plus nearby phase calibrator(s) repeat 12 times to obtain 12-hour uv-coverage repeat 12 times to obtain 12-hour uv-coverage make images make images get galaxy positions get galaxy positions

5. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop The new galaxy HIPASS J1559-6101

6. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop The new galaxy HIPASS J1559-6101: but where is it ? Optical DSS image centered on the HIPASS position

7. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop ATCA HI snapshot observation 5 x 10 min. data e.g. in miriad atlod uvplot vis=my.uv axis=uu,vv options=nobase device=/xw

8. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop 1) Find the signal ! atlod in = *.C942 out=my.uv options=hanning,bary uvsplit vis=my.uv uvspec vis=mygal.1402 interval=1000 device=/xw options=nobase,avall Uncalibrated HI spectrum

9. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop HI emission approx. in channels 155 - 170

10. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop 2) Calibration 3) Continuum subtraction mfcal gpcopy gpcal gpboot uvlin Calibrated & continuum- subtracted HI spectrum

11. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop HI emission in the velocity range 4080 - 4140 km/s

12. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop “dirty” channel maps (before cleaning) task invert

13. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop “dirty” beam

14. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop CLEANed channel maps tasks clean & restor

15. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop HIPASS J1559-6101: Good position, but no optical counterpart. ZOA

16. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop Moment maps … are very useful = intelligent cube compression 0. mom = integrated HI intensity 1. mom = mean HI velocity field 2. mom = mean HI velocity dispersion -> see Chapter 12.11 -> see Chapter 12.11 task momnt or xmom in AIPS ; task moment in MIRIAD ; etc.

17. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop Pair (v_HI = 2676 km/s) ATCA HI snap-shot observation ESO122-IG002 (v = 2744 km/s) ESO122-IG001 (v = 2598 km/s)

18. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop Group (v_HI = 2453 km/s) ATCA HI snap-shot observation NGC2222 (v = 2602 km/s) ESO161-G001 (v = ?) NGC2221 (v = 2532? km/s)

19. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop 2. Experiment deep HI observations deep HI observations e.g., observe 3 x 12 hours with various arrays (375, 750, 1.5) e.g., observe 3 x 12 hours with various arrays (375, 750, 1.5) calibrate and combine data calibrate and combine data find HI emission / absorption find HI emission / absorption make channel maps (movies) make channel maps (movies) make moment maps etc. make moment maps etc.

20. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop The starburst galaxy NGC 253 bright spiral galaxy bright spiral galaxy edge-on edge-on member of the Sculptor Group member of the Sculptor Group large amount of star formation in the nuclear region large amount of star formation in the nuclear region

21. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop NGC 253 global HI spectrum

22. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop VELOCITYVELOCITY -200 km/s +200 km/s v_sys How does the rotation curve look like ?

23. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop Radial distribution Model velocity field: ``spider diagram’’ Rotation curve

24. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop The starburst galaxy NGC 253 HI intensity distribution HI intensity distribution HI velocity field (top)

25. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop NGC 253 movie NGC 253 movie (program krot) NGC 253 movie

26. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop Channel maps of a model galaxy Position velocity diagrams along a) the major axis b) the minor axis

27. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop The Circinus Galaxy: channel maps

28. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop The Circinus Galaxy HI intensity distribution HI intensity distribution HI velocity field (top)

29. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop The Circinus Galaxy in ZOA, b = -4 degr in ZOA, b = -4 degr optically obscured optically obscured only discovered in 1977 by K. Freeman and collaborators only discovered in 1977 by K. Freeman and collaborators starburst galaxy starburst galaxy active nucleus active nucleus strong masers strong masers

30. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop The galaxy pair NGC4038/9 “The Antennae’’ “The Antennae’’ nearby pair of merging galaxies nearby pair of merging galaxies prominent tidal tails in the optical and HI prominent tidal tails in the optical and HI star formation in the nuclear disks star formation in the nuclear disks one companion one companion new dwarf galaxy in formation new dwarf galaxy in formation

31. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop The galaxy pair NGC4038/9 The galaxy pair NGC4038/9 HI intensity distribution HI intensity distribution HI velocity field (top)

32. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop

33. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop NGC7582/90/99: part of the Grus Quartett HI intensity distribution HI intensity distribution HI velocity field (top)

34. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop VX Sgr: SiO maser @ 86.243 GHz ATCA – Narrabri 31 m baseline SiO : 86.243 GHz BW = 16 MHz channels = 512 ATCA – Narrabri 31 m baseline SiO : 86.243 GHz BW = 16 MHz channels = 512 SEST ATCA

35. 27-Sept. 2001ATNF Synthesis Workshop Highlight of the night ! (December 10th, 2000) ATCA - Narrabri HCO+ : 89.188 GHz BW = 32 MHz channels = 128 31 m baseline ATCA - Narrabri HCO+ : 89.188 GHz BW = 32 MHz channels = 128 31 m baseline HCO+ absorption in the galaxy Centaurus A ©ATCA Cen A