The Tabernacle: Furnishings

Name: The Tabernacle: Furnishings
Uploaded: 2017-07-05T16:46:48+00:00
Duration: PTM29S11
Channel: Thomasine Flowers
Description: The Tabernacle: Furnishings

The Tabernacle: Furnishings
Mike Harbrecht

Altar of Sacrifice Exodus 27:1-8 “And thou shalt make an altar of shittim wood…” Exodus 27:1 "And thou shalt make an altar of shittim wood…” Exodus 27:2 “…and thou shalt overlay it with brass.”

Altar of Sacrifice The altar of sacrifice was 5 cubits long or 7 ½ feet. The altar of sacrifice was 5 cubits wide or 7 ½ feet. The altar of sacrifice was 3 cubits tall or 4 ½ feet.

Altar of Sacrifice Leviticus 6:13 “The fire shall ever be burning upon the altar; it shall never go out.”

Altar of Sacrifice Various offerings were sacrificed upon this altar and were performed by the priests of the Tabernacle.

Altar of Sacrifice The offering by the Israelite symbolized their confession and repentance of sins, renewal of covenants, and continued obedience to the ordinances of the Lord.

Altar of Sacrifice Exodus 27:3 “And thou shalt make his pans to receive his ashes, and his shovels, and his basins, and his fleshhooks, and his firepans: all the vessels thereof thou shalt make of brass.”

Altar of Sacrifice “The firepan was the container in which was kept the continuously burning fire for sacrifice.”1

“Brazen fire shovels were used for emptying the pans.”2
Altar of Sacrifice “Brazen fire shovels were used for emptying the pans.”2

Altar of Sacrifice “The basons were receptacles used to catch the blood from the sacrifice.”3

Altar of Sacrifice Exodus 27:2 “…And thou shalt make the horns of it upon the four corners thereof: his horns shall be of the same…”

Altar of Sacrifice “Upon these horns the blood of the sacrifice was to be smeared. Sometimes the horns were used to bind the animal or intended sacrifice.”4

Altar of Sacrifice “The first thing encountered as one entered the main gate was the altar of sacrifice. Here the various animals and other offerings were slain and offered to the Lord. Strict obedience and sacrifice were thus required as the first step in the symbolic progression toward perfection and entry into God’s presence.”5

Altar of Sacrifice “Today members of the Church make sacred covenants with God and consecrate their lives and all that they have been blessed with as they ‘come unto Christ’ and lay all things symbolically upon the altar as a sacrifice.”6

Altar of Sacrifice “Today members of the Church make sacred covenants with God and consecrate their lives and all that they have been blessed with as they ‘come unto Christ’ and lay all things symbolically upon the altar as a sacrifice.”7

Altar of Sacrifice “In a more public Sacrament meeting, the Altar of Sacrifice is symbolized by the ‘Sacrament table.’ On this table are emblems of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the bread and the water respectively representing the body and blood of the Savior. Each week individuals may partake of the Sacrament and renew their covenants.”8

Altar of Sacrifice Elder Neal A. Maxwell said, “The real act of personal sacrifice is not now nor ever has been placing an animal on the altar. Instead, it is a willingness to put the animal that is in us upon the altar—then willingly watching it be consumed! Such is the ‘sacrifice unto [the Lord of] a broken heart and a contrite spirit.’ (3 Nephi 9:20).”9

Exodus 30:18 “Thou shalt also make a laver of brass…”

Exodus 30:18 “…and thou shalt put it between the tabernacle of the congregation and the altar, and thou shalt put water therein.” Laver

Laver Exodus 30:20 “For Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet there at: When they go into the tabernacle of the congregation, they shall wash with water…”

Laver “The priests used the laver for washing
in preparation for entering the holy places of the tabernacle. In Moses’ time the laver was simply a large basin; however, when Solomon built a permanent temple he placed the laver on the backs of twelve oxen.”10 Laver

1 Kings 7:25 “It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east: and the sea was set above upon them, and all their hinder parts were inward.” Laver

Tribes of Israel 12 Priesthood Laver

Geographic Totality or
The Whole World Facing the 4 directions Laver

“The…. Font rests securely on the strong backs of twelve oxen
“The…. Font rests securely on the strong backs of twelve oxen. They represent the tribes of Israel and we belong to those tribes. It is totally appropriate that the font should be so situated. The saving ordinances for the world rest on backs made strong by the blessings of the Restoration… Laver

…That weight will not be removed until every child of God is found
…That weight will not be removed until every child of God is found. With our heads directed to the four points of the compass, we desire and invite all to receive the ordinances that open the sanctifying power of the Atonement.”11 Laver

“Directly in line next in the courtyard was the laver, or basin of water, which was used for washing and cleansing… Laver

…As was mentioned, when Solomon built a permanent temple, he placed the laver on the backs of twelve, a symbolism carried on in modern temples and clearly related to baptism… Laver

Laver Since the baptismal font itself is a ‘similitude of the grave’ (D&C 128:13), where the ‘old man’ of sin is buried (Romans 6:1–6), the symbolism of the laver seems clear…

Laver …Once the ‘natural man’ (Mosiah 3:19) is sacrificed…he is cleansed by both the waters of baptism and the fires of the Holy Ghost (see 2 Nephi 31:17). Once this cleansing is done, he is prepared to leave the world, or a telestial way of living, and ‘be born’ (John 3:5) into a higher state of spiritual life.”12 Represents the need that we need to be washed and cleansed from sin (Old Testament: Visual Resource DVDs. DVDs. Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 2007, 2009.)

2 Nephi 31:17 “...For the gate by which ye should enter is repentance and baptism by water; and then cometh a remission of your sins by fire and by the Holy Ghost.” Laver The Laver The altar of sacrifice

Exodus 25:31 ”And thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold…”
Exodus 25:32 “And six branches shall come out of the sides of it; three branches of the candlestick out of the one side, and three branches of the candlestick out of the other side.” Candlestick Exodus 25:37 “And thou shalt make the seven lamps thereof: and they shall light the lamps thereof, that they may give light over against it.”

Candlestick “The source of light for the tabernacle was the sacred candlestick. Called menorah in Hebrew, which means the ‘place of lights,’ it held not candles but rather seven cup-shaped containers filled with pure olive oil into which a wick was inserted and lit.”13

Candlestick The Tabernacle was meant to remind the Israelites of the Garden of Eden. “Pure olive oil beaten was burned in the lamps (Ex. 27:20–21; Lev. 24:2). Aaron lit the lamps at evening and dressed them in the morning (Ex. 30:8; Lev. 24:3).” (Bible Dictionary: "Tabernacle")

Candlestick “In the tabernacle of Moses and later in the temple at Jerusalem, the tree of life was symbolized by a seven-branched lampstand…”14

“The earliest were made from a round, flat piece of clay pinched up to form a bowl with one or more spouts. By the time of Christ, the bowl became nearly completely enclosed, with a hole on the top for adding oil and an extended spout. This was the kind of oil lamp used by the ten virgins in Christ's parable (Matthew 25:1–13).”15 Candlestick

“The earliest were made from a round, flat piece of clay pinched up to form a bowl with one or more spouts. By the time of Christ, the bowl became nearly completely enclosed, with a hole on the top for adding oil and an extended spout. This was the kind of oil lamp used by the ten virgins in Christ's parable (Matthew 25:1–13).”16 Candlestick

“Perhaps the fact that olive oil was employed in the temple's lamps for lighting purposes (Exodus 27:20) points to the Holy Ghost, who provides light to individuals.”17 Candlestick

“Thus, the sacred menorah was a type or symbol of the true source of spiritual light, namely the Holy Ghost as He bears witness of the Father and the Son.”18 Candlestick

Table of Shewbread Exodus 25:23-24 “Thou shalt also make a table of shittim wood… And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold…”

Table of Shewbread “On the north side of the altar [of incense] stood the table of shewbread…” (Bible Dictionary: “Tabernacle”)

Table of Shewbread The table of shewbread was 1 cubit wide or 1 ½ feet. The table of shewbread was 2 cubits long or 3 feet. The table of shewbread was 1 ½ cubits tall or 2 feet 3 inches. Exodus 25:23-30

Table of Shewbread Each piece of bread probably weighed over 10 pounds (Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13.) “The loaves were put into two stacks, and upon each pile was placed pure frankincense that was later burned on the altar of incense…”19

Table of Shewbread “The shewbread was changed every Sabbath day, and the old loaves were eaten by the priests in a holy place (Lev. 24:9).” (Bible Dictionary: "Tabernacle") Shewbread means “the bread of faces” or “the bread of the presence” which was “signifying that this bread was placed before the face of the Lord or in His presence.” (Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter See also Wilson, William. Old Testament Word Studies. Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 1978, Also see Hastings, James, and Frederick C. Grant. Dictionary of the Bible. Rev. ed., New York: Scribner, 1963, 847.) “Most scholars and old Jewish traditions agree that wine was also placed on the table along with the bread, although it is not mentioned specifically in the biblical account.”20

Table of Shewbread John 6:35 “And Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall never hunger; and he that believeth on me shall never thirst.”

Table of Shewbread Luke 22:19 “And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me.”

Table of Shewbread Luke 22:20 “Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.”

Table of Shewbread D&C 20:77 “O God, the Eternal Father, we ask thee in the name of thy Son, Jesus Christ, to bless and sanctify this bread to the souls of all those who partake of it, that they may eat in remembrance of the body of thy Son, and witness unto thee, O God, the Eternal Father, that they are willing to take upon them the name of thy Son, and always remember him and keep his commandments which he has given them; that they may always have his Spirit to be with them. Amen.”

Table of Shewbread D&C 20:79 “O God, the Eternal Father, we ask thee in the name of thy Son, Jesus Christ, to bless and sanctify this wine to the souls of all those who drink of it, that they may do it in remembrance of the blood of thy Son, which was shed for them; that they may witness unto thee, O God, the Eternal Father, that they do always remember him, that they may have his Spirit to be with them. Amen.”

Table of Shewbread “In the sacramental covenants there is a strong tie between the emblems of the body and the blood of the Savior and the power of the Spirit, for the Lord promises that as one always remembers Him, He will always have His Spirit to be with Him." (Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13) The bread and water not only reminded the Israelites of the atonement of Jesus Christ, but also of the need to always nourish their bodies and spirits. In addition, that they must bridle all of their passions and appetites.

Altar of Incense Exodus 30:1 “And thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon: of shittim wood shalt thou make it.” Overlaid with gold

Altar of Incense “In the middle, before the veil and before the mercy seat (Exodus 30:6), stood the altar of incense, similar in construction to the altar of burnt offering but smaller and overlaid with gold.” (Bible Dictionary: "Tabernacle")

Altar of Incense The altar of incense was 1 cubit long or 1 ½ feet.
The altar of incense was 1 cubit wide or 1 ½ feet. The altar of Incense was 2 cubits tall or 3 feet.

Altar of Incense Coals from the altar of sacrifice were placed on the altar of incense using tongs, a shovel, or a golden censer.21

Altar of Incense “Hot coals were placed on the altar, and each morning and evening the high priest would burn incense.”22

Altar of Incense Revelation 5:8 “And when he had taken the book, the four beasts and four and twenty elders fell down before the Lamb, having every one of them harps, and golden vials full of odours, which are the prayers of saints.”

Altar of Incense Revelations 8:3-4 “And another angel came and stood at the altar, having a golden censer; and there was given unto him much incense, that he should offer it with the prayers of all saints upon the golden altar which was before the throne. And the smoke of the incense, which came with the prayers of the saints, ascended up before God out of the angel’s hand.”

Altar of Incense Psalms 141:2 “Let my prayer be set forth before thee as incense; and the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice.”

Altar of Incense “This ritual seems to signify that one can approach the presence of God only through prayer…”23

Altar of Incense “The fact that the incense was consumed on coals of fire would suggest that even our prayers should be directed and influenced by the Holy Ghost.”24

Altar of Incense “…and on its horns was put once a year, on the Day of Atonement, the blood of the sin offering (Exodus 30:10).” (Bible Dictionary: Tabernacle") Overlaid with gold

Exodus 25:10 “And they shall make an ark of shittim wood…”
Ark of the Covenant Exodus 25:10 “And they shall make an ark of shittim wood…”

Ark of the Covenant Exodus 25:11 “And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, within and without shalt thou overlay it..”

The ark of the covenant was 1 ½ cubits wide or 2 feet 3 inches.
The ark of the covenant was 2 ½ cubits long or 3 feet 9 inches. Ark of the Covenant The ark of the covenant was 1 ½ cubits tall or 2 feet 3 inches.

Exodus 25:17 “And thou shalt make a mercy seat of pure gold…”
Ark of the Covenant Exodus 25:17 “And thou shalt make a mercy seat of pure gold…”

The mercy seat was 1 ½ cubits wide or 2 feet 3 inches.
The mercy seat was 2 ½ cubits long or 2 feet 9 inches. Ark of the Covenant The scriptures do not say how tall the mercy seat was.

Exodus 25:18 “And thou shalt make two cherubims of gold, of beaten work shalt thou make them, in the two ends of the mercy seat.” Ark of the Covenant The Tabernacle was meant to remind the Israelites of the Garden of Eden. In the Garden of Eden cherubim guarded the presence of God, so here cherubim guarded the presence of God.

Exodus 25:19 “And make one cherub on the one end, and the other cherub on the other end: even of the mercy seat shall ye make the cherubims on the two ends thereof.” Ark of the Covenant

The original Hebrew word for “mercy seat” is kapporeth which means “seat of atonement.”25
Ark of the Covenant

Exodus 25:21“And thou shalt put the mercy seat above upon the ark…”
Ark of the Covenant "Only authorized people were allowed to touch the ark of the covenant (see Exodus 25:10–22), so there were poles attached to it so it could be carried.“ (Old Testament Seminary Student Guide. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1998, 2002, ) Exodus 25:21“And thou shalt put the mercy seat above upon the ark…”

“Between these cherubim on the mercy seat, God told Moses, He would meet with him and commune with him.”26 Ark of the Covenant

View or review “Ritually Entering into God’s Presence: Angels” Presentation.
“The word cherubim usually refers to guardians of sacred things. While the exact meaning of the word is not known, most scholars agree that these cherubim represented ‘redeemed and glorified manhood’ or ‘glorified saints and angels.’”27 Ark of the Covenant

Ark of the Covenant “Since Latter-day Saints do not believe that angels have wings, as they are often shown in religious art, the commandment to form wings on the cherubim may raise some questions. Another revelation indicates, however, that wings symbolically represent the power to move and to act (see D&C 77:4).”28

“Latter-day revelations state that angels stand as sentinels guarding the presence of God.”29
Ark of the Covenant

“Once a year the priest performed an ordinance at the mercy seat to make atonement for the people.”30 Ark of the Covenant

Ark of the Covenant The stone tablets given to Moses on Mount Sinai, a pot of manna, and Aaron’s rod which miraculously bloomed were inside the ark of the covenant.

Ark of the Covenant "Only authorized people were allowed to touch the ark of the covenant (see Exodus 25:10–22), so there were poles attached to it so it could be carried." (Old Testament Seminary Student Guide. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1998, 2002, ) “The ark was viewed with the greatest reverence by the Israelites, and prayers were recited before it was moved or placed in position (see Numbers 10:35–36).”31

Footnote Source Information 1 Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13. 2 3 4 5 6 Porter, Bruce H. Encyclopedia of Mormonism, Daniel H. Ludlow ed., s.v. "Altar." New York: Macmillan Publishing Company , 1992. 7

Footnote Source Information 8 Porter, Bruce H. Encyclopedia of Mormonism, Daniel H. Ludlow ed., s.v. "Altar." New York: Macmillan Publishing Company , 1992. 9 Maxwell, Neal A. Meek and Lowly. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Co., 1987, 94. Quoted in Old Testament Seminary Student Guide. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1998, 2002, 10 Old Testament Seminary Student Guide. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1998, 2002, 11 Wilcox, S. Michael. House of Glory: Finding Personal Meaning in the Temple. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book, 1995, Quoted in Alonzo L. Gaskill. Sacred Symbols: Finding Meaning in Rites, Rituals, & Ordinances. Springville, Utah: Bonneville Books, 2011. 12 Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13. 13

Footnote Source Information 14 Tvedtnes, John A. "Olive Oil: Symbol of the Holy Ghost." In The Allegory of the Olive Tree: The Olive, the Bible, and Jacob 5, edited by Stephen D. Ricks and John W. Welch. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company, See footnote three in the previous source. 15 Tvedtnes, John A. "Olive Oil: Symbol of the Holy Ghost." In The Allegory of the Olive Tree: The Olive, the Bible, and Jacob 5, edited by Stephen D. Ricks and John W. Welch. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company, 1994. 16 17 Parry, Donald W. "Ritual Anointing with Olive Oil in Ancient Israelite Religion." In The Allegory of the Olive Tree: The Olive, the Bible, and Jacob 5, edited by Stephen D. Ricks and John W. Welch. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company, 1994. 18 Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13.

Footnote Source Information 19 Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13. 20 21 Carroll, James L. and Elizabeth M. Siler. "Let My Prayer Be Set Before Thee: The Burning of Incense in the Temple Cult of Ancient Israel." Studia Antiqua 2, no. 2, (2002): 29. 22 23 24

Footnote Source Information 25 Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13. 26 27 Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13. See also Wilson, William. Old Testament Word Studies. Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 1978, 75. 28 29 30 Old Testament Seminary Student Guide. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1998, 2002,

Footnote Source Information 31 Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13.

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