1. E-commerce in specimens of CITES-listed species - three examples from Poland Andrzej Kepel CITES SA of Poland Budapest, 16-18 June 2014

2. I. Hippocampus spp. from Indonesia

3. One pill of Ginjal officially contains: Hippocampus coronatus - 200 mg Ginseng radix - 200 mg Sonchi folium - 50 mg Orthosiphonis folium - 25 mg Strobilanthi folium - 25 mg Methylthionini chloridum - 15 mg I. Hippocampus spp. from Indonesia

4. Since June 2004 until July 2008 according to the data of the Polish Customs, Cowik imported to Poland almost 135,4 millions of Ginjal pills, containing over 27.000 kg of powdered seahorses (0,2 g in each pill). It can be up to 10 millions of seahorses, depending on the species and the age of the fish used. I. Hippocampus spp. from Indonesia

5. Species affected I. Hippocampus spp. from Indonesia Indonesia is not a range state of crowned seahorse Hippocampus coronatus. According to the data given by the importer in the applications for the CITES permits, Ginjal contains powdered seahorses of several species, e.g.: Hippocapus barbouri, H. kellogi and H. kuda.

6. According to the information given by the importer, Ginjal was imported to Poland since 1994. According to the exporter webpage (http://www.ikongpharma.com/news _det.asp?newsid=3), Cowik helps also in distribution of Ginjal or other similar “medicines” in Russia. I. Hippocampus spp. from Indonesia

8. „Gold Horse” is exported to Russia and further through Ukraine smuggled to EU

9. Indonesian export permits – Ginjal: I. Hippocampus spp. from Indonesia 2007 – 8.900.000 pills of Ginjal = 1780 kg of powdered seahorses – permit for 890 H. barbouri (1 seahorse - 2 kg)? 2008 – 2 permits for 27.000.000 pills = 5400 kg of seahorses – for 100 H. kellogi and 170 H. kuda (1 seahorse - 20 kg)?

10. Indonesian export permits - Gold Horse (Золoтий Коник / Золoтoй Конек): I. Hippocampus spp. from Indonesia 2012 – 2 export permits to Russia: 4.140.000 pills – permit for 100 H. kuda (1 seahorse = 8,28 kg)? 420.000 pills – permit for 84 H. kuda (1 seahorse = 1 kg)?

11. Other products of PT. Ikong Pharmaceutical Industry (Hippocampus – 40%) I. Hippocampus spp. from Indonesia

12. (Hippocampus – 40%) I. Hippocampus spp. from Indonesia (Hippocampus – 5%) Other products of PT. Ikong Pharmaceutical Industry

13. (Hippocampus – 40%) I. Hippocampus spp. from Indonesia (Hippocampus – 5%) Other products of PT. Ikong Pharmaceutical Industry (Hippocampus – 20%)

14. Other products of PT. Ikong Pharmaceutical Industry I. Hippocampus spp. from Indonesia (Hippocampus – 5%)

15. I. Hippocampus spp. from Indonesia Fragment of the main page of PT. Ikong Pharmaceutical Industry http://www.ikong. co.id/indexeng.asp

16. I. Hippocampus spp. from Indonesia (Hippocampus – 15%)

17. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Over 70 kinds of products containing medicinal leeches are offered on Polish Internet services

18. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Russia

19. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Russia

20. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

21. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

22. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

23. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

24. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

25. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

26. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

27. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

28. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

29. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

30. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

31. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

32. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

33. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

34. III. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana Derivatives from leeches - from Ukraine

35. II. Hirudo medicinalis / H. verbana

36. „LEECHES FROM RELIABLE SURCE”

37. III. Strombocactus spp.

39. Over 200 e-offers from Poland (about 20 still valid) have been found in June 2014

40. III. Strombocactus spp.

41. Czech Republic III. Strombocactus spp.

43. Monitoring of e-commerce in CITES species helps to detect new trends in wildlife trade