1. Water Quantity and Quality

2. What is Water Pollution? any physical (temperature, oxygen), chemical (mercury), or biological (disease, sewage) change to water that adversely effects its use by living things

3. Types of Water Pollution 1.Biological 2.Chemical 3.Physical Measured in: Percent (%) Parts per thousand (‰) Parts per million (ppm) Parts per billion (ppb)

4. Biological Water Pollution 1.Infectious Disease (Pathogens) 2.Oxygen-Demanding Waste Direct (microbes in water): Typhoid, cholera, dysentery, hepatitis… Entamoeba histolytica

5. Biological Water Pollution 1.Infectious Disease (Pathogens) 2.Oxygen-Demanding Waste Indirect (Water breeding carriers): malaria, yellow fever, west nile virus…

6. Coliform Test Detection: Solutions: Sewage treatment Immunization

7. Biological Water Pollution 1.Infectious Disease (Pathogens) 2.Oxygen-Demanding Waste

8. Chemical Water Pollution 3.Nutrients (Fertilizers) 4.Oil 5.Fossil Fuel Emissions (Acid Rain) Nitrogen, phosphorous

9. Chemical Water Pollution 3.Nutrients (Fertilizers) 4.Oil 5.Fossil Fuel Emissions (Acid Rain)

10. Chemical Water Pollution 3.Nutrients (Fertilizers) 4.Oil 5.Fossil Fuel Emissions (Acid Rain)

11. Physical Water Pollution 6.Suspended Matter 7.Thermal Pollution 8.Food Waste East Pacific Garbage Patch http://www.localphilosophy.com/ articles/great-pacific-grabage- patch.htm

12. Physical Water Pollution 6.Sediment 7.Thermal Pollution 8.Food Waste Causes:  industry  dams  removal of vegetation Optimum – Fish 5-20°C (salmon <12°C)

13. Physical Water Pollution 6.Sediment 7.Thermal Pollution 8.Food Waste Dangers:  Bacteria feed on sugar  Can cause out of control bacterial growth in water

14. Turbidity refers to how clear the water is greater the amount of total suspended solids (TSS) in the water, the murkier it appears = the higher turbidity

15. Measured in: NTU ( Nephelometric Turbidity Units) Normal levels: 1-50 NTU Drinking Water: 0.5-1 NTU Visible: >5 NTU Higher during storms

17. Dissolved Oxygen Added by: turbulent water and photosynthesis Removed by: Increased temperature and respiration/decomposition Good: > 6 ppm (mosquitoes can survive in 1 ppm) (also measured in % of maximum - Good = 60-80%)

18. Acidity (pH) 6.5-8.2 normal (rainwater is usually a little acidic) >9 – harmful to fish (inc. salmon) <5.5 releases metals in seds, bacteria die and organics don ’ t decay <5 insects die and fish eggs don ’ t hatch <4 lethal to adult salmon

19. Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Added by: respiration/decomposition & weathered rock Removed by: Increased temperature and photosynthesis Good: 1-10 ppm (usually about 1 ppm)

20. Nitrates Typically: 0.1-4 ppm Unpolluted usually below 1 ppm Sewage pollution increase up to 20 ppm