1. Database Management System CCPS1533 Dr. Abdulsamad Ebrahim

2. Lecture 1 Introduction to Database Management

3. Learning Outcomes Grasp the definition of a database. Get introduced to the main building blocks for a database. Understand the requirements of database applications Understand and explain basic database characteristics. Appreciate how databases can be categorized based on size.

4. Terminology Data Information to be manipulated, stored, combined, analysed etc. Database A collection of related information stored in a structured format DBMS Database management system. A programs which lets you manage information in dat abases

5. Table A single store of related information. A table consists of records, and each record is made up of a number of fields - FieldElementary piece of data - RecordSet of fields

6. Database Definition A database is an environment for : Storing a large amount of information in a structured way And allowing the rapid retrieval and update of information and the combination of data in complex ways This environment must be coherent, reliable and secure

7. Examples of database applications Booking systems Bank clients management, Backend storage for an e-commerce web site, Books and readers management in a library

8. Main building blocks for a traditional database A field is the smallest granularity of information, A record is set of fields combining a number of data items possibly of different types, A file is a collection of records.

9. Database example A library in the real physical world contains books borrowed by readers. A database supporting a library could logically maintain the data related to a library as follows:

10. A library file which is composed of a collection of: - book - reader and - borrowing records

11. Book record Each book in the library can be represented in the database as a: book record which could be composed of the following fields: title authors publisher and publication date.

12. Book records in a library database Book identifierTitleAuthorsPublisherPublication date 1A Tale of Two CitiesCharles Dickens London: Chapman & Hall 1859 2For Whom the Bell Tolls Ernest HemingwayCharles Scribner's Sons 1940

13. Reader record Each reader who is a member of the library can be represented by a: reader record which contains the following fields: first name last name address subscription date.

14. Reader records in a library database Reader identifier Firs tnameLast nameAddress subscription date 1JohnSeaman 50 Dover Street, London 11/11/03 2BarbaraJames22 Northbourne Road, London 06/07/99

15. Borrowing records Library borrowing can be represented by: borrowing records each of which can be composed of book : identifier, reader identifier, start date and end date.

16. Borrowing records in a library database Borrowing identifierBook identifierReader identifierStart dateEnd date 12207/09/1011/12/10 21101/06/1007/08/10

17. Database Application Requirements 1-Presentation Requirement A graphical standard should be used to visualize the database irrespective of the underlying computing technology used to support the database.

18. Example: consider a Library database which has book, author and reader entities. It includes borrow and write actions. Such database can be graphically modeled as shown in flowing Figure

19. 2-Data Creation/Modification Requirements Inserting new data to the database (e.g. inserting new books, new readers, registering borrowing, etc.) To be able to modify and eventually deleting a set of data (e.g. modifying the address of a reader, deleting a reader or a book)

20. 3-Interrogation Requirements An application should be able to query a database to: - Retrieve data that meets certain conditions.

21. Examples of an application queries to a library database could be : Information on every book in the database which has been borrowed only by one reader. Information on readers with subscription date before 01/01/2000 Information on a book written byOsama Ahmad and borrowed by Khalid Jamal.

22. 4. Accuracy / Consistency Requirements A database system must guarantee that data inserted and manipulated by an application are kept accurate and consistent without errors. For example: A book copy can never be borrowed by two readers at the same time. The start date of borrowing must be before the end date

23. Database Characteristics A number of main characteristics must be commonly found in any database which include: A database is an integrated structure with semantic links between its entities. Integrity constraints must be met while data is manipulated to ensure data accuracy and consistency. Security constraints must exist to manage database access..

24. Supporting data manipulation operations including data insertion, deletion, updating and searching. Data insertion and update must be coherent, shared, reliable and secure

25. Database Sizes Databases can be classified according to their size : Personal Database: this type of database is small in size and usually used by a single user. It is usually installed on a PC. The size of such database is 100KB- 100MB. Typical Professional Database: generally used by SMEs (Small to Medium Enterprises). Their size varies between 100MB and 1TB. Very Large Database (VLDB): The size of such database usually exceeds 1 TB.

26. Summary The definition of database notion. The requirements of database applications. The basic characteristics of a database. Database types based on size.

27. Exercises What are the requirements of database applications Explain how fields, records and files are building blocks of a database system. What is the size of a typical VLDB database

28. Thank You