1. Extracting Metals A METAL ORE is a mineral or mixture of minerals from which it is “economically viable” to extract some metal. reactiveExtracting metals from their ores depends on how reactive the metal is.

2. The Reactivity series Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Copper Silver Gold Platinum Metals ABOVE CARBON, because of their high reactivity, are extracted by ELECTROLYSIS Metals BELOW CARBON are extracted by heating them with carbon in a BLAST FURNACE These LOW REACTIVITY metals blatantly won’t need to be extracted because they are SO unreactive you’ll find them on their own, not in a metal oxide

3. Uses of addition polymers Poly(ethene)Poly(propene) Poly(chloroethene), PVCPoly(styrene)

4. Disposal of plastics 1) Landfill sites - most plastics do not _________ which means that landfill sites are quickly filled up. Research is being carried out on __________ plastics. 2) Burning – this releases carbon dioxide which causes the ________ effect, as well as other ________ gases. 3) _______ – the best option, but difficult because of the different types of plastic Words – recycling, greenhouse, decompose, biodegradable, poisonous

5. Oilseed Rape Made from – Extracted by – It is so useful because – What is biodiesel?

6. Biodiesel Biodiesel can be made by _______ plant oils, such as Rapeseed, with Potassium Hydroxide and __________. Burning Biodiesel is carbon neutral. Explain.

7. Food additives Food additives are added to foods for 3 main reasons: –To improve taste –To improve appearance –To improve the shelf life of the product Potential problems with food additives:

8. Saturated or Unsaturated? Saturated means “full up”. They have a double bond that could instead become two single bonds. This means that other atoms can be added. It is not “full up”. unsaturatedAlkenes are unsaturated. Every carbon atom has already used all four of it’s bonds to join to four other atoms. No other atoms can be added. saturatedAlkanes are saturated.

9. Alkenes are unsaturated and so extra atoms can be added to alkene molecules. This forms the basis of a test to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes. When bromine water is added to an alkane nothing happens but when bromine is added to an alkene the red colour of the bromine disappears. + Br 2  Gas red colourless Bromine loses this red colour

10. Testing the saturation of oils If ‘Oil 1’ turns 5mls of Iodine colourless And ‘Oil 2’ turns 10mls of Iodine colourless And ‘Oil 3’ turns 15mls of Iodine colourless Which is the most/least saturated oil?

11. 12.5 - Test 1.Name 3 different plant oils. Say whether they come from a seed, fruit or nut. 2.Describe how are oils extracted from their source. 3.What is an emulsion?

12. 12.5 - Test 4.What are emulsions commonly used for? (give 4 examples). 5.What are food additives? 6.Why are food additives used? 7.What is an E-number?

13. 12.5 - Test 8.List 3 potential problems associated with food additives. 9.Describe how margarine is made from sunflower oil. 10.Which is healthier, saturated or unsaturated fats? Give 2 types of food for each.

14. 12.5 - Test 11.What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? 12.How does Bromine help us to identify a saturated fat from an unsaturated fat? 13.What does polyunsaturated mean?

15. A company produces 1 million tins of baked beans a week. They need to take samples of the tins to test for safety reasons. –How often should they take samples? –What size samples should they take? The company decides to sample every 1000 th tin for testing. –Why is this not good enough? (2 reasons) Why can you not just test every single tin?