1. Chapter #8 Chemical Equations and Reactions NearingZero.Net

2. Chapter 8.1 Describing Chemical Reactions Parts of an equation Reactants Products Mg + O 2 MgO + energy Word Equation: Magnesium and oxygen yields magnesium oxide and energy *pg 246 symbols used in Chemical Equations Yields

3. Chemical equation represents, with symbols and formulas, the identities and relative amounts of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Indications of a Chemical Reaction 1.Evolution of heat and light 2.Production of gas 3.Formation of a precipitate.

4. Characteristics of Chemical Equations 1.The equation must represent known facts 2.The equation must contain correct formulas for the reactants and products 3.The law of conservation of mass must be satisfied. (Balanced equation)

5. Word equation -represents the reactants and products using words. Formula equation -represents the reactants and products using symbols or formulas. Balanced equation -is the formula equation with added coefficients to satisfy the law of conservation.

6. Conservation of mass - atoms can be neither created or destroyed. The numbers of atoms of each element must be the same on both sides of the yields. No mass is lost or gained.

7. Balancing Equations 1.Write the word equation 2.Make a T-chart 3.Put the number of each element on the t- chart 4.If the # of atoms are not the same you need to balance. You can only add COEFFICIENTS (Big #) 5.Check work! Count all #’s of each element. H 2 + O 2 H 2 O Hydrogen + oxygen yields water (dihydrogen monoxide) H 2 + O 2 H 2 O HOHO 2222 2121 Left Right 2 HOHO 2222 2121 4242 2 4

8. 8.2 Types of Chemical Reactions 5 types of reactions 1.Synthesis 2.Decomposition 3.Single replacement 4.Double replacement 5.Combustion

9. Synthesis A + B C 2 or more simple substances combine to form a new complex substance. Decomposition C A + B A complex substance breaks down into 2 or more simpler substances.

10. Single Replacement A + BX AX + B An uncombined element replaces an element that is part of a compound. Double Replacement AX + BY AY + BX Different atoms in 2 different compounds replace each other. “Likes replace Likes”

11. Combustion Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen Hydrocarbon + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide and Water

12. Slide 12-15 Put on your note cards!!! Synthesis 1.Reactions of elements with oxygen produces an OXIDE 2.Reactions of two nonmetals forms a covalent compound 3.Reactions of metals with nonmetals other than oxygen produces an ionic compound 4.Oxides of active metals react with water to produce metal hydroxide.

13. Decomposition 1.Binary compounds breakdown into its elements. 2.Electrolysis-same as #1 3.Decomposition of metal carbonates to produce metal oxide and carbon dioxide 4.Decomposition of metal hydroxide to produce metal oxide and water 5.Decomposition of metal chlorates to produce metal chloride and oxygen 6.Decomposition of acids to produce water and whatever is left

14. Single Replacement 1.Replacement of a metal by a more reactive metal 2.Replacement of hydrogen in water by a metal to produce metal hydroxide and hydrogen 3.Replacement of hydrogen in an acid by a metal to produce hydrogen and metal compound 4.Replacement of halogens: 1 halogen replaces another halogen.

15. Double Replacement- “Likes replace likes”. Metals replace metals Combustion-always produce carbon dioxide and water

16. 8.3 Activity Series of the Elements Activity series-is a list of elements organized according to ease with which the elements undergo certain chemical reactions.

17. React with cold water and acids, replacing hydrogen. React with oxygen, forming oxides. React with steam and acids, replacing hydrogen. React with oxygen, forming oxides. Do not react with water. React with acids, replacing hydrogen. React with oxygen, forming oxides. React with oxygen, forming oxides. Fairly unreactive, forming oxides only indirectly. Examples: MgCl 2 (aq) + Zn (s) Zn is alone it wants to take Mg place. Can it????? Al (s) + H 2 O (g) The higher up on the chart the stronger it is!!!! King of the mountain

18. Work Cited “Cartoon”. Aug. 11, 2006. http://www.nearingzero.net/sbunch3.html http://www.nearingzero.net/sbunch3.html “Activity Series”. http://www.pennmanor.net/schools/hs/can ady/web_page_web_class/taylor_portfolio _webpage/Chemistry/chemistry/reactions /activity_series.jpg