1. Sound Part 2 Sound and how to make it

2. What is Sound? Sound is a compression wave

3. Amplitude v. wavelength Amplitude is the height of the sound wave or volume of the sound wave The higher the amplitude, the louder the sound

4. Amplitude v. wavelength The wavelength of the sound is the distance between the highest peaks of the sound’s amplitude Wavelength of sound is the PITCH of the sound you hear

5. Sound frequency Frequency of sound is measured in Hz. It is related to the wavelength.

6. Decibel Decibel is a unit of measure of the loudness of sound.

7. Pitch Pitch is determined by frequency, but is more complicated than just pure numbers. Human perception affects pitch too.

8. Sampling Rate The sampling rate is like taking a series of photos of sound over time.The higher the sampling rate, the better the capture of audio. Analog=red Digital=black

9. Sample size One of the aspects that affects audio quality is sample size. The larger the sample, the larger the file size, but the better the quality Usually: 2 bit, 4 bit 8 bit, 16 bit etc. Refers to quality

10. Audio Channels Also affects file size. The number of channels determines weather something is recorded in Mono (one track), Stereo (2 track) or Surround Sound (3-7 tracks). Each track plays something different out of a different speaker

11. Cutting and Pasting One way of “mixing” or combining sounds is to cut and paste them together in programs like Garage band

12. Mixing board Another way to combine sounds is to “mix” them live on a MIXER or Audio Board

13. VU meter The VOLUME UNIT meter. This is the same weather you are mixing sound live on a sound board or in garage band. It’s like VOLUME

14. Track Level In Garage Band the blue lines are the track levels. The more layers you have the more levels you have

15. Master Fader The master fader is a control on both digital and analog audio mixers It controls the overall volume for all tracks in the audio mix

16. Streaming When downloading audio files, streaming is a technology that allows one to listen to audio files BEFORE the whole file has downloaded

17. Compression A type of lossy or lossless compression in which the amount of data in a recorded waveform is reduced to differing extents for transmission respectively with or without some loss of quality.

18. Codec A codec is a software program that COdes and DECodes the way we digitize audio files. CO - DEC (CO de and DEC ode)

19. Transcoding A way of coding one type of file directly to another type of file. Example: AIFF to MP3

20. Bandwidth A rate of data transfer measured in bits/second, Mbits/second or Gbits/second The greater the bandwidth, the faster the download

21. Steps in Producing Audio Planning Technical Preparation Creation Distibution

22. Planning (ALWAYS has these steps) Define target audience - Brainstorm – write down/sketch ideas - Coordinate location/equipment needs

23. Technical Preparation writing Write script/song or any other text for audio Select equipment Think: Where will the microphones be used? Type of audio recording – people, vocals, instruments? Type of microphones Is it loud and crowded? - cardioid Is the audio source far way? – shotgun/hypercardioid Are there many audio sources to capture simultaneously? – omnidirectional Do the microphones need to be unseen? - visibility - Types of cables/connections

24. Creating Record Audio Edit Audio

25. Distributing Export Burn to CD/Upload to internet