1. Jump to first page Working with d/Deaf students - a one day workshop for Lecturers teaching Art, Design and Communication

2. Jump to first page Workshop presenters: z Diane Peacock, Project Director (Special Projects), School of Art and Design, University of Wolverhampton z Cathy Woolley z Judith Mole, Director, Direct Learn Services Ltd.

3. Jump to first page Practicalities z Food z Emergency evacuations z Toilets

4. Jump to first page Programme of the Day z Welcome and introductions z Brief outline of HEFCE funded projects z Aims of workshop z SENDA z Issues in Deafness z Supporting d/Deaf Students in Art and Design z A Deaf art student perspective z Break for lunch z Art and Design academic culture and language z Teaching, Learning and Assessment and strategies for inclusion z Conclusions and any final questions

5. Jump to first page Workshop Outcomes z At the end of the workshop delegates will: § Be more d/Deaf aware § Have a better understanding of the needs of d/Deaf students § have a repertoire of pedagogic tools specifically designed to make learning environments inclusive § Be aware of SENDA legislation and its implications for curriculum design and delivery § Have access to further sources of information and resources to share amongst colleagues

6. Jump to first page University of Wolverhampton Innovations Projects 2000 - 2002 z Extending education and career opportunities for the Deaf community with particular reference to developing generic and subject specific language skills

7. Jump to first page The five projects - outcomes z A careers web site which promotes current art and design graduates and practitioners as role models for the Deaf community z A level 0 English for Deaf Learners course z A specialist online British Sign Language/English glossary for art and design education (www.artsigns.ac.uk)

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9. The five projects - outcomes z A guidance booklet for lecturers working with Deaf students z Staff development events for lecturers and technicians in teaching and assessing Deaf students

10. Jump to first page Special Educational Needs and Disability Rights Act 2001 An amendment to the Disability Discrimination Act 1995

11. Jump to first page SEN and Disability Act 2001 z comprehensive enforceable civil rights for disabled people in pre- and post-16 education in England, Scotland and Wales. It has major implications for further and higher education institutions. z The law will make it unlawful to unjustifiably treat a disabled person less favourably for a reason relating to their disability. Specifically, the law will make it unlawful to discriminate against a disabled person with regard to: z admissions z the services the college provides to students

12. Jump to first page SEN and Disability Act 2001 z This means that a college cannot refuse admission to a student on the grounds of their disability, and the college has an obligation to make reasonable adjustments so that disabled students can access the same services their able-bodied peers can access. z An anticipatory duty Institutions will be expected to anticipate the needs of disabled students and applicants in making their provision accessible.

13. Jump to first page SEN and Disability Act 2001 z "The majority of case law has related to teaching and learning issues, either through direct discrimination regarding access to a course (or modules) or the inability to provide materials in alternative format in a timely manner which invariably has led to students having to defer their studies." (Disability And Higher Education : The Australian Experience, Adams and Brown, 2001).

14. Jump to first page Exemptions to the Act z college is not liable and where the adjustments would be seen as unreasonable. The college is not liable: - z - if the student or applicant has chosen not to declare their disability; z - if adjustment would undermine/lessen academic standards; z - they are prescribed by an external body (e.g. medical/health courses, dentistry or teacher training, some dance courses).

15. Jump to first page Issues in Deafness

16. Jump to first page Appropriate Terminology Dont useInstead use handicapped, invaliddisabled normal non-disabled, hearing, sighted deaf and dumb Deaf, hard of hearing, partially deaf/hearing impaired Deaf, blind, wheelchair user able-bodied Non-disabled, hearing, sighted, non-dyslexic Retarded, simple- minded Person with a specific learning difficulty/ disability, person with Downs Syndrome

17. Jump to first page Facts and figures z The population of the UK is approximately 60 Million. z Approximately 8.4 million people have a hearing loss (1 in 7). z There are approximately 70,000 Deaf BSL users in the UK. z 75% of people over the age of 75 have a hearing loss.

18. Jump to first page Facts and figures z 9 out of 10 deaf children are born to hearing parents. z There are approximately 400 RQI/RTI interpreters in Britain. z The ratio of interpreters to Deaf people is approximately 1:175.

19. Jump to first page Facts and figures z Only 40% of the English speech sounds are lip-readable. z Most lip reading is guess work from the context of what is being said. z Different regional accents look different on the lips. z Some invisible speech sounds have an impact on written English.

20. Jump to first page Deaf Education z 1890 Milan Conference z > 1960s Oralism z 1970s Total Communication z 1980s Bilingualism z System is LEA dependent z There are now less segregated schools in the UK.

21. Jump to first page Deaf Education z Most independent schools are residential z They do not have to follow the national curriculum, although most do. z Many schools have a Partially Hearing Unit. z SENDA applies to schools, so many deaf children will go into mainstream education in the future.

22. Jump to first page British Sign Language z Deaf people use many communication modes. z BSL is a language, not a collection of gestures. z BSL is not international and has regional dialects. z Deaf people who use BSL will normally use English as their second language.

23. Jump to first page Supporting d/Deaf in Art and Design

24. Jump to first page Interpreting in Art and Design z They offer simultaneous translation. z Students only access what is presented by the interpreter. z When unknown specialist terminology is used, linguistic coping strategies are used: z Initialisation z Finger spelling z Sign invention z Transliteration

25. Jump to first page Other communication support z Note-takers write at 30wpm. Spoken language is at 180wpm. z Note-takers may not be subject specialists. z Note-takers are required to write everything. z Students need to juggle between what theyve seen in a lecture and what is written down. z Lip-speaking is difficult with new unfamiliar terminology. z There are many words which look the same.

26. Jump to first page A deaf student perspective

27. Jump to first page A deaf art student perspective z Interview procedures z individual access needs additional support at interviews must be provided z funding must be available for this z Inform prospective course leaders z Do remember the interpreter is not just there for the deaf student but for you too! z Dont make assumptions on what a deaf person can and cannot do.

28. Jump to first page A deaf art student perspective z Making the transition z Many young deaf people become accustomed to others asserting control over their lives. z Transition to being independent and feeling like an adult can just that little bit harder. z Fighting for better access provision can eat away at their motivation and enthusiasm for their course.

29. Jump to first page A deaf art student perspective z Developing assertiveness z Isolation z Lack of awareness of responsibilities and procedures - before university deaf students dont necessarily need to know this. z Short notice meetings and lack of access z Group work and peer learning z Equal opportunity or favouritism? z Maintaining your confidence against the odds

30. Jump to first page A deaf art student perspective z Developing assertiveness y Do ensure there is support and advice available for deaf students. y Do continue to assess if access provision is put in place is working or needs improving. y Do ensure lecturers are trained in deaf awareness.

31. Jump to first page A deaf art student perspective z Fitting in z Language z Time needed to absorb academic and art and design terminology z Working with interpreters z Connecting words seen with words written z The need for eye-breaks z Extra, additional study is needed to keep up

32. Jump to first page A deaf art student perspective z Conclusions z Planning, preparing and providing good access can: z Reinforce their motivation and commitment to a deaf students course and future careers. z Allow deaf students to focus on their personal, social and academic development. z Transform deaf students lives by facilitating confidence and independence.

33. Jump to first page Academic Culture and the Language of Art and Design

34. Jump to first page How might linguistics help us to define an academic culture? z According to Steven Pinker (1994): Culture refers to the process whereby particular kinds of learning contagiously spread from person to person in a community and minds become co-ordinated into shared patterns, just as a language or a dialect refers to the process whereby the different speakers in a community acquire highly similar mental grammars.

35. Jump to first page Language issues in HE z Complex specialist terminology z Understood by subject specialists z Heavy reliance on tacit knowledge and prior understanding of key concepts and terminology. z Critical/contextual language concepts often difficult and open to misinterpretation. z Utilises many homographs and homophones, e.g. form. z Uses many borrowed words, e.g. bat, render, pushing.

36. Jump to first page Complex specialist language z Some common themes and terms z But many inherent differences between the language used and its meanings in art/design/craft/media

37. Jump to first page Some of the language functions in art and design z Describing z Discussing z Evaluating z Ascribing meaning z Confirming understanding

38. Jump to first page Language (for example descriptive, metaphorical, evaluative language) is used to help students develop - z Visual thinking z Ideas development z Design development z Creative thinking z Abstract thinking z Making by doing z Issue based activity z Critical argument

39. Jump to first page Critical language skills enable students to explore and express - z Rationale z Creative intention z Context z Meaning z Relationship to audience z Value z Ethical position z Fitness for purpose

40. Jump to first page Polemical use of language helps students to understand how to - z Articulate their own ideas and intentions based on own values z Argue cogently for particular solutions z Articulate controversy z Defend chosen values

41. Jump to first page Staff and students use metaphorical language extensively to articulate meaning. This includes use of: z Sign and signification z Symbol z Representation z Motivational intent z Association z Intentional and random connections contributing to process and product

42. Jump to first page Meaning and intention is established and qualitative judgements made by interrogating for example- z If appropriate, how the work does or does not meet the demands of the brief? z What the work is about/who or what it is for? z What sources and references informed the work? z Reasons and justification for how it is designed (created)/ made and the materials and process selected. z Reasons and justification for how it will be manufactured, distributed and/or displayed z What impact (if any) have current visual/cultural/ social/political/economic factors had on how the work developed?

43. Jump to first page We need to add to these factors - z Awareness that for many Deaf students English is a second language. z The fact that Deaf students access meaning through an interpreter, lip-speaker or note- taker (the majority of whom will not be specialist language users). z Further complicated by the need to understand the meta-language of current higher education (modules/outcomes/assessment regimes etc).

44. Jump to first page and - z That confirmation of learning is usually confirmed by discourse: z It is discourse which propels language acquisition, and it is shared meaning in interaction which is of critical importance. It is this which is most at risk in children with limited hearing Kyle and Woll (1988)

45. Jump to first page Deaf students and language acquisition z Students may see many different signs for one word. z They may not be able to relate their notes to what they have seen in a lecture or laboratory session. z A high degree of bilingualism is needed to cope with HE study. z There is little BSL/English reference material available.

46. Jump to first page Teaching, Learning and Assessment: Inclusive practice in Art, Design and Communication

47. Jump to first page Re-iteration of Deaf students needs and characteristics z All d/Deaf students are individuals and have individual needs. z Deaf students use a variety of communication methods to suit their particular needs as a Deaf person. z Depending on when the person became deaf, they will have variable levels of confidence and skills in the use of English. z Many Deaf people do not use English as their first language.

48. Jump to first page Teaching Issues z Identifying good practice in teaching Deaf students. z Understanding the relationship between physical environment (sound, lighting, classroom layout, etc.) and learning. z Understanding how different approaches to classroom management can affect the Deaf student. z Working with support staff to maximise learning.

49. Jump to first page Teaching Issues n Understanding how good communication can increase access to learning for Deaf students. n Understanding the significance of plain English and the provision of explanatory glossaries for Deaf students in the acquisition of specialist skills and knowledge at introductory HE level.

50. Jump to first page What can academics do? z Provide information/handouts in advance of any teaching session. z Use plain English and include glossaries where possible. This enables Deaf students and support workers to better absorb the content of both your written and oral material. z Work closely with interpreters and other support workers to understand their needs and thereby maximise their input. z Make sure you manage classroom interaction.

51. Jump to first page Teaching Issues z Remember Deaf students will need to do extra study, just to keep up. z Ensure that there is support and advice available for Deaf students. z Continuously review the support available. z Ensure that lecturers are trained in deaf awareness.

52. Jump to first page This means, for example, when you are working with Deaf students: z Get the students attention before speaking and speak clearly at a normal pace. z Try talking to the student first, if both of you feel you are not communicating well, then try writing things down. z To help maximise lip reading communication, hold your head up straight and dont cover your mouth with anything.

53. Jump to first page Teaching Issues z It may be that what you are saying is not lip-readable; in that case re-phrase it. z Dont raise your voice or over-exaggerate your lip-patterns. z Make sure you are facing - not in front - of a light source (window) so that the student can see your face clearly. z Dont walk up and down, thus altering the sight-line to your mouth.

54. Jump to first page Teaching Issues z Try to minimise the surrounding noise or move position. z If the student is using a support worker interpreter/note-taker/lip-speaker-always address the student, not the support worker (even though the student may not be looking at you). z Remember the Deaf student can either watch you/their interpreter OR look at the power point/handout.

55. Jump to first page Teaching Issues z Use any notes taken by the note taker to ascertain what the student is going to receive. z Offer the student a chance to ask for clarification. z Construct your delivery to accommodate regular breaks for the Deaf student and their support worker.

56. Jump to first page Group work and crits z When everyone is speaking in rapid succession or contributing simultaneously, it is impossible for Deaf students to contribute. z Regularly summarise complex discussions. z When students are working in groups use ordered brainstorming or provide a sequential critical commentary. z When demonstrating in the laboratory use consecutive instruction techniques.

57. Jump to first page Assessment issues z Ensure equitable treatment in assessment (consult your Disabilities Officer if unsure). z Be clear about exactly what is being assessed. z Make sure students can access what is being assessed. z Ensure equal treatment for all students. z Devise alternative assessment strategies where appropriate.

58. Jump to first page Equality of opportunity in education and employment z The need to encourage more d/Deaf students to participate in Further and higher Education z The need to raise academic and support staff awareness of the specific needs of d/Deaf students z The need for positive role models in education and employment

59. Jump to first page Equality of opportunity in education and employment z The need for Further and Higher Education to maximise work experience and placement opportunities for d/Deaf students z The need for HE/Employer joint projects that champion the achievements of d/Deaf students and professionals

60. Jump to first page Conclusions z Making reasonable adjustments to our admissions and Learning, Teaching & Assessment practices will - z encourage more d/Deaf people into Higher Education and enable them to achieve their potential

61. Jump to first page Conclusions z and as Cathy Woolley stated earlier……... z Reinforce the motivation and commitment of Deaf students to their chosen course and future career. z Allow Deaf students to focus on their, personal and social as well as academic development. z Transform Deaf students lives by facilitating confidence and independence.

62. Jump to first page Conclusions z …..and z Enable academics to reach and inspire a wider audience and enhance their pedagogic skills for the benefit of all students. z In time, to provide more role models for young Deaf people wishing to enter HE and the professions. z In time, to provide more role models for Deaf people wishing to enter academia and research. z Enrich the professions and academia with the contribution of Deaf people.

63. Jump to first page More information z Please see: z www.wlv.ac.uk/teachingdeafstudents z www.deafandcreative.ac.uk z www.artsigns.ac.uk

64. Jump to first page Any Questions?