1. SBI4U - Biochemistry Macromolecules 1 Carbohydrates

2. Macromolecules macromolecules are large molecules that are often composed of repeating sub-units some of the biologically important macromolecules are: –carbohydrates-lipids –proteins-nucleic acids

3. Carbohydrates carbohydrates are the most important energy source animals cannot synthesize carbohydrates; they must be consumed in plant material

4. Monosaccharides single sugars in straight chain or ring form C:H:O usually in 1:2:1 ratio (glucose is C 6 H 12 O 6 ) examples: fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose

5. Monosaccharides some monosaccharides are isomers, e.g., glucose, fructose, and galactose

6. Glucose Isomers

7. Disaccharides made from 2 single sugars examples: sucrose, maltose, lactose

8. Dehydration Synthesis disaccharides are formed by a dehydration synthesis (condensation) reaction See animation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyDnn D3fMaU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyDnn D3fMaU

9. Dehydration Synthesis

10. Hydrolysis Reaction

11. Find the sugars…

14. “Healthy” Clif bars continued…

15. Polysaccharides oligosaccharides are shorter-chain sugars with 3-10 single sugars longer chain carbohydrates are called polysaccharides examples: starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin

16. Polysaccharides

17. Low-Carb Diets

18. Names of popular low-carb-diets? What kinds of foods are you allowed/not allowed to eat? What are the benefits of the diet? What are possible risks of the diet?