1. Patch Based Mobile Sink Movement By Salman Saeed Khan Omar Oreifej

2. Introduction Introduction Goals and Expectations Goals and Expectations Project Description Project Description Implementation Implementation Results Results Simulation Simulation Outline

3. Introduction

4. Introduction Wireless sensor network is an active research area with numerous applications and different techniques developed each year Wireless sensor network is an active research area with numerous applications and different techniques developed each year Some Applications Some Applications Environmental monitoring Environmental monitoring Battlefield Awareness Battlefield Awareness Tracking and Smart Environments Tracking and Smart Environments

5. Introduction Patch-based sensor networks is a sensor network divided into random areas called patches Patch-based sensor networks is a sensor network divided into random areas called patches Patches contain sensors which collect information, but do not forward them Patches contain sensors which collect information, but do not forward them Several mobile sinks are moving around the field, visiting patches and collecting information Several mobile sinks are moving around the field, visiting patches and collecting information We discuss a patch based sensor network that is distributed over a field to collect motion information about birds passing over the field We discuss a patch based sensor network that is distributed over a field to collect motion information about birds passing over the field

6. Introduction Sensors are detecting bird existence Sensors are detecting bird existence Whenever a bird comes into the transmission range of a sensor it stores that bird’s information Whenever a bird comes into the transmission range of a sensor it stores that bird’s information We have Mobile Sinks so mobility is what matters We have Mobile Sinks so mobility is what matters Study, analyse and compare different sink movement models Study, analyse and compare different sink movement models Different mobile movements achieves: Different mobile movements achieves: Different amount of information Different amount of information Different utilities of information Different utilities of information

7. Goals and Expectations

8. Exploring the different ways that a sink can visit randomly distributed patches Exploring the different ways that a sink can visit randomly distributed patches Efficiency of a visiting technique can be represented by Efficiency of a visiting technique can be represented by Amount of collected data Amount of collected data Power consumption Power consumption Utility of the collected results Utility of the collected results Consistency of the results Consistency of the results

9. Goals and Expectations Real life: Real life: A combination of all factors should be taken into consideration when evaluating a visiting technique A combination of all factors should be taken into consideration when evaluating a visiting technique Our project: Our project: will only consider the amount and utility of the collected data will only consider the amount and utility of the collected data Utility represented by how new or fresh is that data Utility represented by how new or fresh is that data

10. Goals and Expectations Expectations: Expectations: Simulate a patch based sensor network using YAES simulator Simulate a patch based sensor network using YAES simulator Conduct three different styles of movement for the sink Conduct three different styles of movement for the sink keep a log of all data gathered by each movement technique keep a log of all data gathered by each movement technique Analyse the data and conclude the best sink visiting movement technique Analyse the data and conclude the best sink visiting movement technique

11. Project Description

12. In general, Patch based sensor network with mobile sinks is desired In general, Patch based sensor network with mobile sinks is desired Easier routing: because of patch heads topology Easier routing: because of patch heads topology Energy Efficient: High rate communications only occur on patch heads, other normal sensor nodes would save energy. Moreover, only sinks move in the field Energy Efficient: High rate communications only occur on patch heads, other normal sensor nodes would save energy. Moreover, only sinks move in the field

13. Project Description Project: Project: A field of an approximated area of half squared mile A field of an approximated area of half squared mile Simple sensor nodes randomly deployed on the field Simple sensor nodes randomly deployed on the field The sensor nodes are static in place and capable of detection of any bird flying over the sensors and within its transmission range The sensor nodes are static in place and capable of detection of any bird flying over the sensors and within its transmission range Birds are simulated by actuator agents who are moving randomly in the field Birds are simulated by actuator agents who are moving randomly in the field Multiple mobile sinks scattered collecting data from nodes Multiple mobile sinks scattered collecting data from nodes

14. Project Description Patching Patching Was implemented virtually Was implemented virtually Each sensor node Each sensor node Is a normal sensor: Senses birds existence Is a normal sensor: Senses birds existence Is a patch head: communicates with the sinks Is a patch head: communicates with the sinks

15. Project Description Sink movement techniques are the main issue in the project Sink movement techniques are the main issue in the project All movement models aims at collecting the most data with the most utility All movement models aims at collecting the most data with the most utility Introducing three different sink movement techniques Introducing three different sink movement techniques Random Movement: Sinks are moving around randomly within the fields range Random Movement: Sinks are moving around randomly within the fields range Regular Movement: Sinks are deployed into a straight line covering the whole width of the field and they are moving back and forth along the height of the field Regular Movement: Sinks are deployed into a straight line covering the whole width of the field and they are moving back and forth along the height of the field

16. Project Description Information Based Movement: Information Based Movement: Sinks can get information about the amount of data generated in a patch Sinks can get information about the amount of data generated in a patch Each sink determines the hottest patch and moves to collect information from that patch while no other sink goes there Each sink determines the hottest patch and moves to collect information from that patch while no other sink goes there After a sink reaches the desired patch it will again search for the hottest non-reserved patch and head for it After a sink reaches the desired patch it will again search for the hottest non-reserved patch and head for it

17. Project Description Communications Communications Occurs when a bird agent comes within the transmission range of a sensor Occurs when a bird agent comes within the transmission range of a sensor The sensor will store data about the bird by filling a temporary buffer that each sensor maintains The sensor will store data about the bird by filling a temporary buffer that each sensor maintains When a sink is able to communicate with a sensor node, the node gives all what it has to the sink and then flushes its buffer When a sink is able to communicate with a sensor node, the node gives all what it has to the sink and then flushes its buffer All data gathered from all sinks are delivered at the end to a data storage unit All data gathered from all sinks are delivered at the end to a data storage unit

18. Challenges and Problems

19. Addition of multiple sinks and their movement in YAES. Addition of multiple sinks and their movement in YAES. Implementation of Utility of information. Implementation of Utility of information. Comparing Results to other experiments Comparing Results to other experiments

20. Implementation

21. Implementation Eclipse 3.2 & YAES library Eclipse 3.2 & YAES library YAES objects used: YAES objects used: Field Field Sensor Node Sensor Node Sink Node Sink Node Actuator Node (Bird) Actuator Node (Bird) Field Field Is a Java panel Is a Java panel Is relative in size to other objects Is relative in size to other objects

22. Implementation Sensor Node Sensor Node Has a location, name and an agent Has a location, name and an agent Patch Sensor Agent Patch Sensor Agent Extends AbstractSensorAgent class. Extends AbstractSensorAgent class. Can buffer data, can transmit and receive messages Can buffer data, can transmit and receive messages Sink Node Sink Node Extends SensorNode class Extends SensorNode class Has a location, name and an agent Has a location, name and an agent

23. Implementation Patch Sink Agent Patch Sink Agent Extends AbstractSensorAgent class. Extends AbstractSensorAgent class. Can buffer data, can transmit and receive messages Can buffer data, can transmit and receive messages Actuator Node Actuator Node Used as it is in YAES Used as it is in YAES Moves randomly Moves randomly Announces its location to sensor nodes Announces its location to sensor nodes

24. Implementation Changes made to YAES library Changes made to YAES library Multiple sinks Multiple sinks Arrangement helper class Arrangement helper class Deployment Deployment Sensors and birds deployed randomly Sensors and birds deployed randomly Sink deployment dependent on movement type Sink deployment dependent on movement type Communication Communication Messages Messages Each message has a sender and destination address, message type and message content Each message has a sender and destination address, message type and message content

25. Implementation Communication Communication Sinks broadcast a message of type “Query” Sinks broadcast a message of type “Query” Sensor reply with a message of type “Query-Reply” Sensor reply with a message of type “Query-Reply” Bird location and its utility is stored in a buffer. The utility of information decreases with each simulation. The whole buffer is instantaneously transmitted when replying to the sink Bird location and its utility is stored in a buffer. The utility of information decreases with each simulation. The whole buffer is instantaneously transmitted when replying to the sink

26. Implementation Information-based Movement (Algorithm) At each simulation step, for each sink At each simulation step, for each sink Assign the hottest available sensor node to the sink if it has not already been assigned one Assign the hottest available sensor node to the sink if it has not already been assigned one Make this sensor node unavailable to other sinks Make this sensor node unavailable to other sinks If the distance between the sink and the sensor node is greater than the transmission range of the sensor node If the distance between the sink and the sensor node is greater than the transmission range of the sensor node Move the sink towards the sensor node Move the sink towards the sensor node Otherwise make this sensor node available to other sinks and free its current assignment Otherwise make this sensor node available to other sinks and free its current assignment

27. Simulation

28. Results

29. Results The simulation utility is calculated as follows: The simulation utility is calculated as follows:

30. Results Comparison between different sink movements is done by calculating the total utility of information gathered by all sinks in the simulation plotted against the number of sink nodes. Comparison between different sink movements is done by calculating the total utility of information gathered by all sinks in the simulation plotted against the number of sink nodes. 10 *Logarithm of Total Utility Number of SinksRandom MovementRegular MovementInformation Based Movement 148.5153.8856.25 249.8444.8858.14 351.2552.4659.27 455.5855.6358.20 556.0055.2859.61 656.9356.6159.09 757.5258.7559.84 857.1754.5460.59 958.1058.7160.52 1057.7558.9860.81

31. Results

32. Future Work Patch generation and patch leader selection and communication. Patch generation and patch leader selection and communication. Sink movements Sink movements Distance, Hotness, Remaining Energy (Optimization problem) Distance, Hotness, Remaining Energy (Optimization problem) Probabilistic etc. Probabilistic etc. Comparison of sink movement techniques and results to other suggested papers. Comparison of sink movement techniques and results to other suggested papers. Implementing a power consumption function for the sinks Implementing a power consumption function for the sinks Introducing packet loss over network based on signal strength and noise. Introducing packet loss over network based on signal strength and noise.

33. Thank You