1. What are two reasons why labour was a problem?  Serious shortage  Labour costs had increased  Depend on foreign labour

2. What are two reasons why there was competition? Countries like Malaysia and Indonesia had a large population so they did not have a shortage of labour Labour costs were cheaper Countries like Taiwan and Hong Kong produced better quality goods

3. In a sentence, define industrial restructuring. The shift from labour-intensive, low technology industries to capital intensive, high technology industries to produce high value-added goods. How does wage increase help in industrial restructuring? When wages are increased, the pressure to use machines and to manage labour efficiently would be stronger

4. What problem did productivity campaigns aim to resolve?  Workers to take pride in their work and be more productive so that better quality goods were produced and services were carried out efficiently

5. What are three examples of changes in education made? What was the purpose of the changes?  In 1979, National University of Singapore increased its intake of engineering students  Polytechnics expanded their intake greatly  Fund to upgrade workers’ skills  Purpose : So that Singapore labour force would be highly skilled and workers could be retrained so as to stay employed

6. What are three ways R&D was encouraged?  Science Park was developed to house various R&D firms and various government research institutes  Manufacturing firms involved in R&D were given tax incentives  Close cooperation between universities and industries

7. What are industrial parks? What purpose do they serve? Refers to newer planned industrial areas which consist of industrial, commercial and office facilities. So that these firms in the parks will be able to carry out R&D, manufacturing, selling and distribution of manufactured goods all in the same park. This is to promote efficiency and lower cost.

8. What are wafer fabrication parks?  Industrial areas for factories that manufacture highly sophisticated parts for computers and other electronic equipment. What are three examples of improvement in support services? What purpose did they serve?  Changi Airport  Big air cargo  MRT  Purpose : to support the manufacturing industries to help Singapore become a business centre in SEA

9. Why is it called ‘brain services’? Because they require a large number of highly- educated and creative employees.

10. Why may Singapore government be called ‘practical, efficient and far-sighted’?  Practical – encouraged foreign participation in its early years of independence.  Efficient – successfully implemented many policies  Far-sighted – it has been able to foresee new problems and to draw up plans to solve them