1. Windows routing and resolution

2. Basic concepts  Host name: machine.sub-domain.domain example: mail.ubalt.edu same machine name in Windows in NetBIOS and TCP/IP, but the NetBIOS name is just \\machine  IP numbers are assigned to NICs a machine can have more than one NIC one NIC can have more than one IP number use IPCONFIG to see IP numbers in a machine example in AL 200 and WEBTEACHAL 200WEBTEACH  How to map host names to IP numbers? Host tables, DNS and WINS

3. IP resolution  Name resolution : given a TCP/IP name how to know its corresponding IP number.  Alternatives HOSTS file: an ASCII list of host names and IP numbers, HOSTS IP broadcast: workstation asks for IP number (resolution) LMHOSTS file: does all HOSTS do plus include part of the table from central location, identify DC, Domain, etc. Both at \%system root%\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc LMHOSTS DNS: a data base containing zone, cache, reverse lookup, and arpa-127 files (resource records), located at \%system root%\Windows\System32\Dns directory, DHCP updates DNS in Windows 2000 on (not in NT). WINS: uses a replicated data base with computer names and IP numbers, dynamic, interacting with DHCP.

4. IP routing  Routing tables Static - maintained by network manager (NT) Dynamic - automatically by routing protocol  DNS required for socket applications (FTP, HTTPD, MAIL) DNS service, dynamic link to WINS but requires manual updating of central route table, RIP takes care of the rest (NT). DHCP automatically updates DNS in Windows 2K on DNS data base: boot (where are the files), arpa- 127.rev (maps localhost into 127.0.0.1), cache (where the “root servers” are located in the Internet), direct and reverse lookup table of names and IP numbers. Primary and secondary name servers: one of each by zone.

5. IP routing tools  Nslookup information, e.g. nslookup nslookup commands: set option, e.g. domain, port(53).  Viewing the route table netstat -rn or route print example in AL 200 and WEBTEACHAL 200WEBTEACH note: 0.0.0.0 is Internet connection  Trace route tracert: example in AL200 and WEBTEACHAL200 WEBTEACH Cyberkit: example in AL200AL200