1. A traditional Chinese medicine used in modern science Flavonoids

2. Introduction Flavonoids are nearly ubiquitous in plants and are consumed regularly with the human diet Certain plants and spices containing flavonoids have been used for thousands of years in traditional Eastern medicine They are usually subdivided into flavanols anthocyanidins flavones flavanones chalcones

3. The flavonoids display a remarkable array of biochemical and pharmacological actions

4. Direct effect on mitochondrial calcium uniporter

5. effects of several of the most naturally abundant flavonoids on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in permeabilized HeLa cells

6. Concentration dependence of the activation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by several natural flavonoids

7. Reversible activation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by kaempferol in permeabilized cells

8. Inhibition by Ru360 of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake induced by kaempferol and SB202190

9. Effect of the absence of ATP in the activation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by genistein or SB202190

10. attenuate apoptosis and protein oxidation in neuronal cell lines

11. Scavenging effects of flavones on reactive oxygen species generated by GO

12. Effect of flavone pretreatment on apoptosis in neuronal cells exposed to oxidative stress

13. Effect of flavone pretreatment on the Bcl-2- and Bax-protein levels

14. Effect of flavone pretreatment on the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins

15. Effect of flavone pretreatment on protein carbonyl formation

16. Antioxidant Activity  flavonoids,as a dietary antioxidants, possess the potential to scavenge and quench various radicals and ROS

17. As a antioxidant,flavonoids can function as below Metal chelator scavengers of ROS chain-breaking antioxidants quenchers of the formation of singlet oxygen LOO· + FL-OH LOOH + FL-O·

18. Effect of flavonoids on lipid peroxidation suppress lipid peroxidation Flavonoids Enzymatic lipid peroxidation Nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation Impairment of lipid peroxidation Cytochome P450 Free radical species

19. The illustrations above are only parts of the functions of flavonoids,which I think will be connective to my research on brain ischemia and reperfusion. In addition,the flavonoids also possess anti- inflammatory,antiallergic,hepatoprotective, antithrombotic, antiviral, and anticarcinogenic activities

20. Thank you ! Lin Lin Lin Lin 2005.6.10. 2005.6.10.