1. 2014

2. Technical
Rope Rescue
Introduction
& Standards

3. Introduction And Overview
The Henderson Fire Department’s “Technical Rope Rescue Course” is an intensive objective based training program. It covers rope-rescue fundamentals, high- and low-angle rescue techniques. The classroom presentation and hands-on applications teach skills that can be used in Mountain, Industrial, Confined Space Rescue and Swift Water rescue applications. This course will be updated and revised annually to keep TRT members informed of the latest and best information on rope rescue techniques.

4. Standards Henderson Fire Department S.O.P. TRT3
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
Consensus Standards – Voluntary compliance.
NFPA – 2014 Edition - Chapter 5
Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Search and Rescue Incidents
NFPA Edition - Chapter 6
Standard for Rescue Technician Professional Qualifications
These are the Standards and procedures that will govern the Technical Rope Rescue program. Each member of the team must know these.

5. Training Manual and References
The Henderson Fire Department’s Technical Rescue Team has adopted the CMC Rope Rescue Manual, 4th Edition as its rope rescue training manual.
Other references
High Angle Rescue Techniques by Tom Vines
Technical Rescuer ROPE Levels I and II
Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department SAR SOPs
Henderson Fire Department TRT SOPs
CMC Rope Rescue Manual has been adopted as our training manual. In edition to this the other references were also used during the development of rescue techniques.

6. Understanding the Standards
NFPA 1670 is the Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Search and Rescue Incidents
Note: Not specific to rope rescue
Applies to the organization’s level of training and response
Does not present a standard for individual professional qualifications.
Tiered format - Awareness, Operations, Technician
NFPA 1670 is the Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Search and Rescue Incidents
Note: Not specific to rope rescue – All technical recue disciplines are part of NFPA 1670
Applies to the organization’s level of training and response
Does not present a standard for individual professional qualifications.
Tiered format - Allows the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ), to apply their training needs to the response level they choose to support. There are three training levels described in NFPA They are Awareness, Operations and technician levels.
Awareness, Operations, Technician

7. Understanding the Standards
NFPA Awareness Level
Site Control and scene management
Recognize the need for higher trained personnel
Conduct a non-entry rescue without putting personnel in harms way
Awareness Level
The awareness level was established to accomplish three things
Prevent anyone else from becoming a victim through site control and scene management
Recognize and identify the need for higher trained personnel such as an operations or technician level rescue team
Where appropriate, conduct a non entry rescue such as coaching a victim to safety without putting personnel in harm’s way
* Awareness level personnel can assume support roles while operating at a rope rescue scene, such as operating the rehab area, or assisting in the gathering of logistic resources.

8. Understanding the Standards
NFPA Operations Level
Effecting rescues in high and low angle environment
Patient packaging and care
Perform lowering and raising operations
Operations Level
At the operations level the rope rescue team is capable of becoming directly involved with the extraction of the victim. The team is much better trained and equipped to equipped compared to an organization trained and equipped compared to an organization trained at the awareness level.
Operations level personnel are capable of:
Effecting rescues in high and low angle environment
Patient packaging and care
Perform lowering and raising operations

9. Rope Rescue
AWARENESS
NFPA 1670

10. NFPA 1670 Chapter 5 Rope Rescue
5.1 General Requirements
Organizations operating at rope rescue incidents shall meet the requirements specified in Chapter 4 of this Standard.
Chapter 4 is General Requirements and addresses the following:
Level of Operational Capability
Training
Documentation
Standard Operating Procedures
Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment
Incident Response Planning
Operational Equipment
PPE
Safety and Safety Officer
ICS

11. NFPA 1670 – Chapter 5 – General Requirements
5.1.2* The AHJ shall evaluate the need for missing person search where rope rescues might occur within its response area and shall provide a search capability commensurate with the identified needs.
HFD will utilize the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department’s Search & Rescue Unit for all missing person searches.

12. NFPA 1670 – Chapter 5 – General Requirements
Organizations operating at the awareness level for rope rescue incidents shall meet the requirements specified in Section 5.2

13. NFPA 1670 – Chapter 5 – General Requirements
5.2.2 Organizations operating at the awareness level for rope rescue incidents shall develop and implement procedures for the following:
(1) Recognizing the need for a rope rescue
(2)* Identifying resources necessary to conduct rope rescue operations
(3)* Carrying out the emergency response system where rope rescue is required
SOP TRT 3 – Obtain Resources based on size-up info.
Establish procedures to enable the incident commander to obtain necessary resources.
HFD TRT
Mutual Aid
CCFD Heavy Rescue
LVFD Technical Rescue Team
Metro Search and Rescue
Helicopter support
Other public, state or federal agencies.
Based on initial information gathered during size-up – What resources will be needed and how will they be contacted?
CCFD TRT
LVMPD SAR
Helicopter
Make contact through dispatch
Make proper Notifications (SOP)

14. NFPA 1670 – Chapter 5 – General Requirements
(4)* Carrying out site control and scene management
(5)* Recognizing general hazards associated with rope rescue and the procedures necessary to mitigate these hazards
(6)* Identifying and utilizing personal protective equipment assigned for use at a rope rescue incident
Implement the Incident Command System
Maintain control of site and perimeter
Manage all non-emergency personnel
Establish operational zones where needed
Site security
Hazards associated with rope rescue.
Fall Hazards
Safety Lines, and Safety a Officer should always be in place
Other Hazards
Traffic and vibration hazards
Limit access to appropriate personnel
Identify and remove if possible any hazards which might affect rescue operations
Crews should become familiar with all equipment to be used during rope rescue incidents.
Harnesses
Helmets
Gloves
Ropes
High Angle Equipment

15. Rope Rescue
Operations
NFPA 1670

16. NFPA 1670 - 5.3 Operations Level
5.3.1 Organizations operating at the operations level for rope rescue incidents shall meet the requirements specified in Section 5.2 and 5.3

17. NFPA 1670 - 5.3 Operations Level
5.3.2*
A Organizations wishing to perform rope rescues at the operations level should train and equip personnel to provide the required capabilities. Capabilities should include, but not be limited to, the following:
A Organizations wishing to perform rope rescues at the operations level should train and equip personnel to provide the required capabilities. Capabilities should include, but not be limited to, the following: (1)
Sizing up existing and potential conditions at incidents where rope rescue operations will be performed
(2)
Ensuring safety in rope rescue operations
(3)
Establishing the need for, selecting, and placing edge protection
(4)
Selecting, using, and maintaining rope rescue equipment and rope rescue systems
(5)
Configuring all knots, bends, or hitches used by the organization
(6)
Selecting anchor points and equipment to construct anchor systems
(7)
Constructing and using single-point anchor systems
(8)
Constructing and using multiple-point anchor systems with regard to the potential increase in force that could be associated with their use
(9)
Selecting, constructing, and using a belay system
(10)
Selecting and using methods necessary to negotiate an edge or other obstacle that includes protecting all personnel working nearby from accidental fall
(11)
Ascending and descending a fixed rope in the high-angle environment
(12)
Self-rescue
(13)
Selecting, constructing, and using a lowering system in both the low- and high-angle environments
(14)
Securing a patient in a litter
(15)
Attaching a litter to a rope rescue system and managing its movement
(16)
Selecting, constructing, and using rope-based mechanical advantage systems in both the low- and high-angle environments
The overall intent of the operations level in rope rescue is to have the capability to transport the rescuers and/or the victim from one stable location to another, from either above or below the position of the victim. Accessing the victim through specialized techniques such as lead climbing is beyond the normal scope of the operations level in rope rescue.

18. Rope Rescue
Technician
NFPA 1006

19. NFPA 1006 Technician 6.1 Level I General Requirements.
The job performance requirements defined in through shall be met prior to Level I qualification in rope rescue.

20. NFPA 1006 Technician
6.1.1*
Direct a team in the operation of a simple rope mechanical advantage system in a high-angle raising operation, given rescue personnel, an established rope rescue system incorporating a simple rope mechanical advantage system, a specified minimum travel distance for the load, a load to be moved, and an anchor system, so that the movement is controlled, a reset is accomplished, the load can be held in place when needed, operating methods do not stress the system to the point of failure, commands are used to direct the operation, and potential problems are identified, communicated, and managed.
(A) Requisite Knowledge: Principles of mechanical advantage, capabilities and limitations of various simple rope mechanical advantage systems and high-angle raising operations, correct operation of simple rope mechanical advantage systems, personnel assignments, and operational commands.
(B) Requisite Skills: The ability to direct personnel effectively, use operational commands, analyze system efficiency, identify safety concerns, and perform a system safety check.

21. NFPA 1006 Technician
6.1.2
Construct a compound rope mechanical advantage system, given a load, an anchor system, life safety rope, carabiners, pulleys, rope grab devices, and rope rescue equipment, so that the system constructed accommodates the load, reduces the force required to lift the load, operational interference is factored and minimized, the system is efficient, a system safety check is completed, and the system is connected to an anchor system and the load. 
(A) Requisite Knowledge: Determination of incident needs as related to choosing compound rope systems, the elements of efficient design for compound rope systems, knot selection, methods for reducing excessive force to system components, evaluation of incident operations as related to interference concerns and set-up, rope commands, rigging principles, system safety check procedures, and methods of evaluating system components for compromised integrity.
(B) Requisite Skills: The ability to determine incident needs as related to choosing compound rope systems, select effective knots, calculate expected loads, evaluate incident operations as related to interference concerns and set-up, perform system safety check, and evaluate system components for compromised integrity.

22. NFPA 1006 Technician
6.1.3
Construct a fixed rope system, given an anchor system, life safety rope, and rope rescue equipment, so that the system constructed can accommodate the load, is efficient, and is connected to an anchor system and the load, and a system safety check is performed and the results meet the incident requirements for descending or ascending operations.
(A) Requisite Knowledge: Knot selection, calculating expected loads, incident evaluation operations as related to interference concerns and set-up, rigging principles, system safety check procedures, and methods of evaluating system components for compromised integrity.
(B) Requisite Skills: The ability to select effective knots, calculate expected loads, use rigging principles, evaluate incident operations as related to interference concerns and set-up, perform system safety check, and evaluate system components for compromised integrity.

23. NFPA 1006 Technician
6.1.4
Direct the operation of a compound rope mechanical advantage system, given a rope rescue system incorporating a compound rope mechanical advantage system and a load to be moved, and a minimum load haul distance of 6.1 m (20 ft), so that a system safety check is performed; the movement is controlled; the load can be held in place when needed; operating methods do not stress the system to the point of failure; operational commands are clearly communicated; and potential problems are identified, communicated, and managed.
(A) Requisite Knowledge: Methods to determine incident needs, types of interference concerns, rope commands, system safety check protocol, procedures for continued evaluation of system components for compromised integrity, common personnel assignments and duties, common and critical commands, methods for controlling a load’s movement, system stress issues during operations, and management methods for common problems.
(B) Requisite Skills: The ability to determine incident needs, evaluate incident operations as related to interference concerns, complete a system safety check, continually evaluate system components for compromised integrity, direct personnel effectively, communicate commands, analyze system efficiency, manage load movement, and identify concerns.

24. NFPA 1006 Technician
6.1.5
Ascend a fixed rope in a high-angle environment, given an anchored fixed rope system, a minimum ascending distance of 6.1 m (20 ft), a system to allow ascent of a fixed rope, a structure, a belay system, a life safety harness worn by the person ascending, and personal protective equipment, so that the person ascending is secured to the fixed rope in a manner that will not allow him or her to fall, the person ascending is attached to the rope by means of ascent control device(s) with at least two points of contact, injury to the person ascending is minimized, the person ascending can stop at any point on the fixed rope and rest suspended by his or her harness, the system will not be stressed to the point of failure, the person ascending can convert his or her ascending system to a descending system, obstacles are negotiated, the system is suitable for the site, and the objective is reached .
(A) Requisite Knowledge: Task-specific selection criteria for life-safety harnesses, personal protective equipment selection criteria, variations in litter design and intended purpose, rigging principles, techniques and practices for high-angle environments, and common hazards posed by improper maneuvering and harnessing.
(B) Requisite Skills: The ability to select and use rescuer harness and personal protective equipment for common environments, attach the life safety harness to the rope rescue system, maneuver around existing environment and system-specific obstacles, perform work while suspended from the rope rescue system, and evaluate surroundings for potential hazards.

25. NFPA 1006 Technician
6.1.6
Descend a fixed rope in a high-angle environment, given an anchored fixed-rope system, a minimum descent distance of 6.1 m (20 ft), a system to allow descent of a fixed rope, a belay system, a life safety harness worn by the person descending, and personal protective equipment, so that the person descending is attached to the fixed rope in a manner that will not allow him or her to fall, the person descending is attached to the rope by means of a descent control device, the speed of descent is controlled, injury to the person descending is minimized, the person descending can stop at any point on the fixed rope and rest suspended by his or her harness, the system will not be stressed to the point of failure, the system is suitable for the site, and the objective is reached.
(A) Requisite Knowledge: Task-specific selection criteria for patient transfer devices, various carrying techniques, personal protective equipment selection criteria, design characteristics and intended purpose of various transfer devices, rigging principles, methods to minimize common environmental hazards and hazards created in high-angle environments.
(B) Requisite Skills: The ability to choose patient transfer devices, select and use personal protective equipment appropriate to the conditions, attach a transfer device to the rope rescue system, reduce hazards for rescuers and victims, and determine specialized equipment needs for victim movement.

26. Rope Rescue
Summary
NFPA 1670 & 1006

27. Summary NFPA 1670 Awareness-Level
(1) Recognizing the need for a rope rescue
(2) Identifying resources necessary
(3) Carrying out the emergency response
(4) Site control and scene management
(5) Recognizing general hazards
(6) Personal protective equipment

28. Summary NFPA 1670 Operations-Level
(1) Size-up
(2) Safety - OSO
(3) Edge Protection
(4) Rescue equipment and rope rescue systems
(5) Knots, bends, or hitches
(6) Selecting anchor points
(7) Single-point anchor systems

29. Summary NFPA 1670 Operations-Level
(8) Multiple-point, load-sharing anchor systems
(9) Belay systems
(10) Negotiate an edge & protect all personnel
(11) Ascending and descending
(12) Escape from jammed or otherwise dysfunctional descent and ascent devices
(13) Lowering systems
(14) Securing a patient in a litter

30. Summary NFPA 1670 Operations-Level
(15) Attaching a litter to a rope
(16) Using a rope based mechanical advantage
(17) Negotiate a loaded litter over an edge

31. Summary NFPA 1006 Technician
Construct a multiple-point anchor system
Construct a compound rope mechanical advantage system
Construct a fixed rope system
Direct the operation of a compound rope mechanical advantage system

32. Summary NFPA 1006 Technician
Ascend a fixed rope in a high-angle environment
Descend a fixed rope in a high-angle environment

33. All Classes must be documented in SUNPRO CLASS CODE = RRCLASS01
Questions?
All Classes must be documented in SUNPRO
CLASS CODE = RRCLASS01