1. Matter and Measurement
Chapter 1
Matter and Measurement

2. Classification of Matter
Check your neighbors understanding for the following words and organize them into a flow chart:
Pure Substance
Mixture
Matter
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Elements/Compounds

3. Practice Problem
“White Gold,” used in jewelry, contains two elements, gold and palladium. Two different samples of white gold differ in the relative amounts of gold and palladium that they contain. Both are uniform in composition throughout. Without knowing any more about the materials, classify white gold. Be able to defend your answer.

4. Practice Problem
Aspirin is composed of 60% Carbon, 4.5% Hydrogen, and 35.5% oxygen by mass, regardless of its source. Classify aspirin. Defend your answer.
Bonus! Empirical Formula?

5. Types of Matter

6. Properties of Matter
What is the difference between a chemical and physical property?
What is an intensive property vs. extensive property?
Physical change vs. chemical change?

7. Separation of Mixtures
Possible ways include:
Filtration pg8
Distillation pg 8
Chromatography
Paper Chromatography shown Pg 9
Liquid Chromatography
Reverse Phase Chromatography
Gas Phase Chromatography

8. SI Base Units

9. Prefixes in the SI System

10. SI Derived Units

11. Uncertainty in Measurement
Precision vs. Accuracy?
Significant Figures
1) All nonzero digits are significant:
1.234 g has 4 significant figures
1.2 g has 2 significant figures.

12. (2) Zeroes between nonzero digits are significant:
1002 kg has 4 significant figures,
3.07 mL has 3 significant figures.

13. 3) Leading zeros to the left of the first nonzero digits are not significant; such zeroes merely indicate the position of the decimal point:
0.001 oC has only 1 significant figure, g has 2 significant figures

14. Trailing zeroes that are also to the right of a decimal point in a number are significant:
mL has 3 significant figures, 0.20 g has 2 significant figures.

15. When a number ends in zeroes that are not to the right of a decimal point, the zeroes are not necessarily significant:
190 miles may be 2 or 3 significant figures, 50,600 calories may be 3, 4, or 5 significant figures. The potential ambiguity in the last rule can be avoided by the use of standard exponential, or "scientific," notation. For example, depending on whether the number of significant figures is 3, 4, or 5, we would write 50,600 calories as:
5.06 × 104 calories (3 significant figures) × 104 calories (4 significant figures), or × 104 calories (5 significant figures).
In other words

16. Sig Figs in Calculations
(1) In addition and subtraction, the result is rounded off to the last common digit occurring furthest to the right in all components. Another way to state this rules, it that, in addition and subtraction, the result is rounded off so that it has the same number of decimal places as the measurement having the fewest decimal places. For example,
100 (assume 3 significant figures) (5 significant figures) =  , which should be rounded to 124 (3 significant figures).

17. In multiplication and division, the result should be rounded off so as to have the same number of significant figures as in the component with the least number of significant figures. For example,
3.0 (2 significant figures ) × (4 significant figures) =  which should be rounded off to 38 (2 significant figures).
In other words

18. Try this…
In a long calculation involving mixed operations, carry as many digits as possible through the entire set of calculations and then round the final result appropriately. For example,
(5.00 / 1.235) (6.35 / 4.0)= =

19. Thus, the correct rounded final result should be 8.6.
Practice Sheet

20. Conversion Factors
It is important to know how to use conversion factors.
I will also call it dimensional analysis.
Get used to doing it so that AP graders can follow what you are doing!
How can you convert miles to kilometers?
How can you convert a quart
of something to liters and
reverse?

21. You need to use conversion units!

22. Lets take the first miles to kilometers.
It I had to travel 75.4 miles, how many kilometers did I travel?
From the conversion chart we know 1 mile = kilometers
Now set it up as a conversion factor (a fraction)
1.609 kilometers then multiply it by how many miles
1 mile
75.4 miles(1.609 kilometers)=
= 121 kilometers (notice the 3 sig. fig.’s)

23. The second question was how many liters are there in a quart
The second question was how many liters are there in a quart? Lets find out how many liters are in quarts.
Again look up any conversion factors that you may have.
We are in luck the chart says 1 L = quart
Make the factor label needed.
1 Liters
1.057 quart
Start with what you are given and use the fraction.
1.000 quarts/ 1 liter =
/ quarts
= liters
Notice the four sig. fig.’s!