1. Ohio Standard Small/Medium MPO Travel Demand Forecasting Model Network Coding Training May 9 th, 2006

2. Highway Networks What are they? Representations of the streets, roads, thoroughfares, and freeways that make up the regional highway system.

3. Accurate Representation If the network system data are accurate, the level of effort needed to calibrate or validate the model will be greatly reduced. If the network system data are accurate, the level of effort needed to calibrate or validate the model will be greatly reduced. Help to avoid questions from the non-believers. (i.e. People who say the model is worthless when it doesnt favor their project.) Help to avoid questions from the non-believers. (i.e. People who say the model is worthless when it doesnt favor their project.) Garbage In – Garbage Out Garbage In – Garbage Out Intersection (Junction) Modeling Intersection (Junction) Modeling

4. Network Checks & Definitions Nodes and Links Nodes and Links Network Connectivity Network Connectivity Link Attributes Link Attributes Turn Prohibitors Turn Prohibitors Transit Lines Transit Lines

5. Nodes and Links Nodes are used to define intersections, merges, changes in direction, TAZ centers Nodes are used to define intersections, merges, changes in direction, TAZ centers –Node number, X and Y coordinates Links connect two nodes Links connect two nodes –Defined by the nodes they connect (A&B) –Many Attributes

6. Common Connectivity Errors Missing nodes Missing nodes Missing centroid connectors Missing centroid connectors

7. Common Connectivity Errors Wrong way links Wrong way links Excess links Excess links

8. Common Connectivity Errors Centroids at non- intersections Centroids at non- intersections Connect centroids to stub links to better represent intersections Connect centroids to stub links to better represent intersections

9. Common Connectivity Errors More than 4 links per node More than 4 links per node Will not work with intersection calculator Will not work with intersection calculator Turn penalty calculator will report these nodes Turn penalty calculator will report these nodes

10. Link Attributes

12. Scrn_Pen – Screenline penalty in minutes Scrn_Pen – Screenline penalty in minutes Dist – Distance in miles Dist – Distance in miles –Automatically calculated for new links, when links are split, and when nodes are moved (unless specified to Do Not Recalculate) links are split, and when nodes are moved (unless specified to Do Not Recalculate) PostSpd - Posted speed limit in miles per hour PostSpd - Posted speed limit in miles per hour SpeedMod – Speed adjustment in miles per hour SpeedMod – Speed adjustment in miles per hour

13. Link Attributes FunClass - the type of roadway based on operational characteristics - not Federal FC FunClass - the type of roadway based on operational characteristics - not Federal FC Functional Class Categories: Functional Class Categories: – 10 - Freeway: divided highway, full access control – 20 - Expressway: divided highway, full or partial access control; includes limited access rural arterials – 30 - Ramp: entrance/exit for limited access facility – 40 - Arterial: serves major movement of traffic – 50 - Collector: collects and distributes traffic from several access connections – 60 - Local: only provides access to abutting properties – 70 - Centroid Connector: represents local access points

14. Link Attributes AreaType - specific location/area within network AreaType - specific location/area within network Codes: Codes: – 1 - Rural: controlled intersections 2 miles apart – 2 - Suburban: residential development – 3 - Urban: mixed residential and commercial – 4 - Central Business District: intense business activity; usually the downtown area of a city – 5 - Outlying Business District: for roads with excessive access points compared to density (commercial strips) – 6 - Low Access Urban: for roads with limited access, such as access-controlled shopping areas

15. Link Attributes Lanes - number of mid-link through travel lanes, and default number of intersection through lanes Lanes - number of mid-link through travel lanes, and default number of intersection through lanes Twidth - directional roadway width in feet Twidth - directional roadway width in feet

16. Link Attributes TurnLane - indication of dedicated left or right turning lanes TurnLane - indication of dedicated left or right turning lanes – 2-digit codes – 5-digit codes Use 2-Digit codes when possible Use 2-Digit codes when possible – First digit is the number of left turn lanes – Second digit is the number of right turn lanes – Illustrated: TURNLANE = 10

17. Link Attributes IXtype - intersection type IXtype - intersection type – 0 = Pretimed (adaptive) signal – 1 = Interconnected signal – 2 = 2-way stop (1-way stop at T-intersections) – 3 = Uncontrolled intersection – 4 = All-way stop MedTurn - indication of a mid-link median turn lane MedTurn - indication of a mid-link median turn lane –Codes: 1 = median turn lane, 0 = no lane –If median lane is coded, but no left turns coded at an intersection, a left turn lane is assumed

18. Link Attributes Parking - indicates on-street parking during peak Parking - indicates on-street parking during peak – Blank: On-street parking is prohibited – 0: Use only if Lanes field contains operating number of lanes and on-street parking – 1: 1 lane is used for parking – 2: One-way street with parking on both sides

19. Link Attributes Terrain - accounts for link grade characteristics Terrain - accounts for link grade characteristics Codes: Codes: – 1 = Level (<2% grade, 2-3% < 1 mi., 3-4% < 0.25 mi.) – 2 = Rolling (2-3% grade > 1 mi., 3-4% > 0.25 mi., 5-6% < 0.3 mi.) 5-6% < 0.3 mi.) – 3 = Mountainous (>4% grade > 0.3 mi.) – Blank = accepts default code set in calculator

20. Link Attributes CarToll – Toll per mile for autos CarToll – Toll per mile for autos – 3.9 cents per mile TrkToll – Toll per mile for trucks TrkToll – Toll per mile for trucks – 12.9 cents per mile

21. Link Attributes Being Phased Out IXTHRU IXTHRU PCTTRK PCTTRK CAPADJ CAPADJ

22. Calculated Link Attributes LNKGRP LNKGRP PEAKSPD PEAKSPD OFFPSPD OFFPSPD PEAKRSPD PEAKRSPD OFFPRSPD OFFPRSPD CAP24 CAP24 SAT24 SAT24

23. Other Link Attributes AADT AADT SCNLINE SCNLINE DISTRICT DISTRICT ADMCLASS ADMCLASS RTENAME RTENAME RTENUMB RTENUMB COUNTY COUNTY FEDFUNC FEDFUNC

24. Other Link Attributes FedFunc - federal functional class FedFunc - federal functional class Dont confuse with FunClass Dont confuse with FunClass Rural Urban 01 - Interstate 11 - Interstate 02 - Other Principal Arterial12 - Freeway/Expressway 06 - Major Arterial 14 - Other Principal Arterial 07 - Major Collector 16 - Minor Collector 08 - Minor Collector 17 - Collector 09 - Local 19 – Local FunClass for rural principal arterial? FunClass for rural principal arterial?

25. POHIBITORS AND TRANSIT

26. Turn Prohibitors Text file Text file List of three nodes that define the turn movement prohibited List of three nodes that define the turn movement prohibited Each record also has a set number and prohibitor definition (-1) Each record also has a set number and prohibitor definition (-1) Updating of file is semi-automatic, but for link splits only Updating of file is semi-automatic, but for link splits only File can also contain link penalty overrides (in minutes) File can also contain link penalty overrides (in minutes)

27. Turn Prohibitors Example Listing Example Listing 2576 1656 401 1 -1 2576 1656 401 1 -1 2669 1657 1658 1 -1 2669 1657 1658 1 -1 2588 1750 2584 1 -1 2588 1750 2584 1 -1 2582 1756 2586 1 -1 2582 1756 2586 1 -1 2789 1805 2657 1 -1 2789 1805 2657 1 -1 2659 1807 2788 1 -1 2659 1807 2788 1 -1 2630 1854 2634 1 -1 2630 1854 2634 1 -1 2636 1856 2632 1 -1 2636 1856 2632 1 -1 1912 1926 1928 1 4 1912 1926 1928 1 4 1928 1926 1912 1 4 1928 1926 1912 1 4 1910 1930 2820 1 4 1910 1930 2820 1 4 2820 1930 1910 1 4 2820 1930 1910 1 4 2666 2162 2670 1 -1 2666 2162 2670 1 -1 2559 2563 2555 1 -1 2559 2563 2555 1 -1

28. Transit Lines Text file Text file Route attributes and a listing of nodes that define the route Route attributes and a listing of nodes that define the route Automatic updating feature when network changed Automatic updating feature when network changed LINE NAME="1", MODE=1, ALLSTOPS=T, HEADWAY[1]=29, ONEWAY=F, LINE NAME="1", MODE=1, ALLSTOPS=T, HEADWAY[1]=29, ONEWAY=F, XYSPEED=20, N=1206, -1280, 1282, -1284, -1286, 1296, -1326, XYSPEED=20, N=1206, -1280, 1282, -1284, -1286, 1296, -1326, -1322, -1320, -1318, 936, 886, -934, -926, -906, 944, -832, -1322, -1320, -1318, 936, 886, -934, -926, -906, 944, -832, -949, -830, 2878, 828, -578, -576, -574, -572, 570, 732, -568, -949, -830, 2878, 828, -578, -576, -574, -572, 570, 732, -568, -566, -564, 2873, 476, 501, 421, 426, -2819, -424, 419 -566, -564, 2873, 476, 501, 421, 426, -2819, -424, 419

29. Before Network Editing Open Turn Penalty (Prohibitor) File Open Turn Penalty (Prohibitor) File Display Locations Display Locations –Node/Point Color –Use NumProh>0 –Use NumPenalty>0 to view prohibitor and override penalties Penalties not used in junction modeling for nodes defined as junctions Penalties not used in junction modeling for nodes defined as junctions

30. Turn Prohibitors At least one prohibitor per location shownAt least one prohibitor per location shown

31. Turn Prohibitors View (Edit) Prohibitors View (Edit) Prohibitors First use pointer to select a node First use pointer to select a node

32. Turn Prohibitors Saving changes to the prohibitor file is separate from saving network changes Saving changes to the prohibitor file is separate from saving network changes Use the disk icon in the Edit Penalties viewer to save prohibitor changes Use the disk icon in the Edit Penalties viewer to save prohibitor changes Nodes will be temporarily be changed when splitting a link, but the prohibitor file must be saved Nodes will be temporarily be changed when splitting a link, but the prohibitor file must be saved Deleting links will leave stranded prohibitors Deleting links will leave stranded prohibitors

33. Turn Prohibitors To be safe, delete prohibitors first To be safe, delete prohibitors first –Click the movement in the penalty matrix and delete prohibitor indicator (-1) –Add prohibitors back in after network changes –Turn penalty calculator will list turn prohibitor movements that are not in the network (turn2000.log) Arrow diagram in viewer Arrow diagram in viewer –Left click for From Leg –Right click for To Leg

34. Turn Penalties Turn Penalty Calculator uses prohibitors in conjunction with default penalties based on movement direction and link functional classes Turn Penalty Calculator uses prohibitors in conjunction with default penalties based on movement direction and link functional classes Left, Right, and Through movements calculated based on the angle between links Left, Right, and Through movements calculated based on the angle between links Use Process Template…\[Turn Calculator 2000] to view/change default values Use Process Template…\[Turn Calculator 2000] to view/change default values (value of 20 means 0.20 minutes) Turn Prohibitor file can also contain Penalty override values Turn Prohibitor file can also contain Penalty override values

35. Turn Penalties Complete penalties and prohibitors can also be viewed Complete penalties and prohibitors can also be viewed In junction modeling, penalties not used at valid intersections: In junction modeling, penalties not used at valid intersections: –Has 3 or 4 total links –Has 3 o 4 non-centroid links –Has at least 2 non-centroid entrance links –Has at least one link of functional class 40, 50 or 60 –At least one of those non-centroid entrance links has an IXTYPE other than 3 or all IXTYPEs are blank

36. Before Network Editing Add Transit Layer Add Transit Layer Layer Control \ Transit \ Layer Properties Layer Control \ Transit \ Layer Properties Browse… Open Transit Line File (*.lin) Browse… Open Transit Line File (*.lin)

37. Transit Layer All transit lines All transit lines displayed displayed Transit Tools Transit Tools –Display Transit Line(s) –Display All Transit Lines –Transit Line Manager Add other transit lines Add other transit lines Display Transit \ Clear All \ OK Display Transit \ Clear All \ OK –Lines arent shown, but are still loaded

38. Transit Layer Splitting network links used by a transit line Splitting network links used by a transit line –Must save the transit line file Deleting network links used by a transit line Deleting network links used by a transit line –Transit line will use XYSPEED value

39. NETWORK EDITING

40. Editing Tools Pointing Mode Pointing Mode Zoom In Zoom In Zoom Out Zoom Out View Move (Pan) View Move (Pan) Post 1 Node Post 1 Node Post 1 Link Post 1 Link Refresh Refresh Zoom All Zoom All Center on Nodes Center on Nodes Post Node Post Node Post Link Post Link Node/Point Color Node/Point Color Link/Line Color Link/Line Color Band Width Settings Band Width Settings Layer Control Layer Control

41. Geometry and Direction Old Old New New

42. Intersections 5-legged Intersections 5-legged Intersections –Merge 2 legs into a stub link near the intersection –Do not code IXTYPE for these 2 links –Stub IXTYPE is uncontrolled, and Distance = 0 IXTYPE

43. Intersections Divided Highways ( at-grade signal) Divided Highways ( at-grade signal) Divided Highways (end of division) Divided Highways (end of division)

44. Stop Intersections Stop Control Stop Control –All-way stop –2-way stop All traffic control interruptions coded for geometry, even if no significant volume exists on a leg All traffic control interruptions coded for geometry, even if no significant volume exists on a leg Do not have a centroid connected to a stopped 3-legged intersection Do not have a centroid connected to a stopped 3-legged intersection IXTYPE

45. Stop Intersections Stop Control HCM Limitations Stop Control HCM Limitations –For 3-legged intersections, there cannot be stops on only 2 legs –For 4-legged intersections, there cannot be two adjacent stops, unless it is an all- way stop If reality contradicts these rules, code the reality and let the junction calculator use its default methodology If reality contradicts these rules, code the reality and let the junction calculator use its default methodology

46. Signalized Intersections All incoming links to a signal node should be coded All incoming links to a signal node should be coded If even one leg is coded as uncontrolled, the whole intersection will be treated as partial stop If even one leg is coded as uncontrolled, the whole intersection will be treated as partial stop Do not have a centroid connected to a signalized 3-legged intersection Do not have a centroid connected to a signalized 3-legged intersection

47. Intersection Turn Lanes 2-Digit Codes 2-Digit Codes –First digit = left only lanes –Second digit = right only lanes 5-Digit Codes 5-Digit Codes –First digit = left only lanes –Second digit = shared left/through lanes –Third digit = through only lanes –Fourth digit = shared right/through lanes –Fifth digit = right only lanes

48. Intersection Turn Lanes Shared lanes assumed if movements are allowed but no exclusive lanes are specified Shared lanes assumed if movements are allowed but no exclusive lanes are specified –One approach lane : all movements allowed –Two approach lanes One Left/Through lane One Left/Through lane One Through/Right lane One Through/Right lane –Three approach lanes One Left/Through lane One Left/Through lane One Through only lane One Through only lane One Through/Right lane One Through/Right lane

49. Intersection Turn Lanes Use 2-digit code when possible Use 2-digit code when possible When to use 5-digit code When to use 5-digit code –Dual turn lane when one is shared –Through lanes is different from LANES Default through lanes = LANES Default through lanes = LANES Eliminates the need to code IXTHRU Eliminates the need to code IXTHRU Try to code the middle digit (of 5) Try to code the middle digit (of 5)

50. 5 Digit Turn Lane Coding LANES, PARKING, IXTHRU, and MEDTURN are all ignored LANES, PARKING, IXTHRU, and MEDTURN are all ignored However, LANES, PARKING, and MEDTURN still affect the computation of saturation flow rate and should thus be maintained However, LANES, PARKING, and MEDTURN still affect the computation of saturation flow rate and should thus be maintained

51. Miscoded Turn Lanes If there is no left turn allowed (but through and right exist) and left (or shared left) lanes are coded If there is no left turn allowed (but through and right exist) and left (or shared left) lanes are coded If there were no right (or shared right) lanes coded all lanes are simply shifted over 2 places (left becomes through, shared left/through becomes shared right/through, and through becomes right)If there were no right (or shared right) lanes coded all lanes are simply shifted over 2 places (left becomes through, shared left/through becomes shared right/through, and through becomes right) If there were also right (or shared right) lanes coded, then all left and shared left lanes are added to through lanesIf there were also right (or shared right) lanes coded, then all left and shared left lanes are added to through lanes This same process occurs in reverse if there are no right turns allowed.This same process occurs in reverse if there are no right turns allowed.

52. Miscoded Turn Lanes If there is no through movement allowed (but there are left and right) and left (or shared left) lanes are coded but no right (or shared right) If there is no through movement allowed (but there are left and right) and left (or shared left) lanes are coded but no right (or shared right) –The through lanes are moved to exclusive right

53. Intersection Turn Lanes Median Turn Lanes (TWLTL) Median Turn Lanes (TWLTL) If MEDTURN = 1 and no exclusive left turn lanes are coded, 1 Left Turn Lane is assumed If MEDTURN = 1 and no exclusive left turn lanes are coded, 1 Left Turn Lane is assumed If MEDTURN = 1 and exclusive left turn lane is coded, Left Turn Lanes used is the number coded. If MEDTURN = 1 and exclusive left turn lane is coded, Left Turn Lanes used is the number coded.

54. ATTRIBUTE CHECKING

55. Attribute Checking Link/Line Coloring Link/Line Coloring Link Annotation (Posting) Link Annotation (Posting) Combination Combination

56. Attribute Checking Link/Line Color Link/Line Color –Color/Style –Size –Criteria Hierarchy of conditions Hierarchy of conditions Multiple Sets Multiple Sets

57. Attribute Checking IXTYPE by link color IXTYPE by link color

58. Attribute Checking

59. Draw Offset = 3 Draw Offset = 3

60. Attribute Checking Draw Offset = 3, post TurnLane (for Turnlane <>00) Draw Offset = 3, post TurnLane (for Turnlane <>00)

61. Attribute Checking Link Splitting or Copy/Paste Link Splitting or Copy/Paste TURNLANE

62. Attribute Checking Attributes that cause problems from splits Attributes that cause problems from splits –TURNLANE –IXTYPE –AADT –SCRN_PEN More problems from copying More problems from copying –RTENAME –RTENUMB –DISTRICT –SCRNLINE –And more if a dissimilar type link was chosen

63. Saving Attribute Displays Save a Project File Save a Project File –Typically with the same name as the network, but with a different file extension (*.VPR) Project files can be used with other networks Project files can be used with other networks –Manually edit the VPR text file to read a different network file –Save the network as a different file, then save the project file

64. JUNCTION CALCULATOR

65. Junction Calculator Automatically generates a Voyager format junction file using link information that was coded as part of the capacity calculator level of detail 3 update Automatically generates a Voyager format junction file using link information that was coded as part of the capacity calculator level of detail 3 update HCM intersection modeling procedures will be applied during each iteration of traffic assignment to the turning movement at the modeled intersections HCM intersection modeling procedures will be applied during each iteration of traffic assignment to the turning movement at the modeled intersections Intersection modeling can be viewed as nothing other than dynamic turn penalties Intersection modeling can be viewed as nothing other than dynamic turn penalties

66. Junction Calculator More accurate representation of system operation than is obtained from the link based BPR style volume delay curves More accurate representation of system operation than is obtained from the link based BPR style volume delay curves Eventual capability to export Voyager junction information to Dynasim to conduct operational level traffic microsimulation Eventual capability to export Voyager junction information to Dynasim to conduct operational level traffic microsimulation

67. Junction Calculator Differences Differences –Saturation Flow Rates –Run Time Speeds –Turn Penalties not used Intersection Data File Intersection Data File –Control Type –Lane Geometry –Signal Phasing

68. Junction Calculator In junction modeling, intersection data calculated for valid intersections: In junction modeling, intersection data calculated for valid intersections: –Has 3 or 4 total links –Has 3 o 4 non-centroid links –Has at least 2 non-centroid entrance links –Has at least one link of functional class 40, 50 or 60 –At least one of those non-centroid entrance links has an IXTYPE other than 3 or all IXTYPEs are blank

69. Junction Calculator Intersection types generated Intersection types generated –Adaptive (Actuated) Signals –2-way Stop –All-way Stop Others allowed Others allowed –Pretimed Signals –Yield –Roundabouts

70. Inconsistent IXTYPE IXTYPE determined based on functional class and areatype comparisons (and possibly counts if used) IXTYPE determined based on functional class and areatype comparisons (and possibly counts if used) Intersection areatype uses the following priority order: rural, cbd, urban, suburban Intersection areatype uses the following priority order: rural, cbd, urban, suburban –if any link is rural, the intersection is rural –all links must be suburban for the intersection to be suburban

71. IXTYPE Determination Rural Intersection Rural Intersection –If the main road is lower (better) functional class than the minor the intersection is 2-way stop on the minor road –If equal functional class and nonzero counts exist on both the major and minor streets then the intersection is 2-way stop on the minor road, all other rural intersections are all-way stop (i.e. those with equal functional class where counts are not available

72. IXTYPE Determination Non-rural Intersection Non-rural Intersection –Local main and local minor; 2-way stop on minor if nonzero counts are available to define the minor street, otherwise all way stop –Collector main and local minor; are 2- way stop on minor

73. IXTYPE Determination Suburban Intersection Suburban Intersection –Arterial main and local minor are 2-way stop on minor –Collector main and collector minor are 2-way stop if nonzero counts are available to define the minor street, otherwise all way stop All others are signalized. All others are signalized.

74. Adaptive Signal Phasing Phase 1, Protected Left on Major Street (if exclusive left turn lanes on both approaches of major) Phase 1, Protected Left on Major Street (if exclusive left turn lanes on both approaches of major) Phase 2, Right, Through, Permitted Left on Major Street Phase 2, Right, Through, Permitted Left on Major Street Phase 2 or 3, Protected Left on Minor Street (if exclusive left turn lanes on both approaches of minor) Phase 2 or 3, Protected Left on Minor Street (if exclusive left turn lanes on both approaches of minor) Phase 3 or 4, Right, Through, Permitted Left on Minor Street Phase 3 or 4, Right, Through, Permitted Left on Minor Street

75. Adaptive Signal Timing Cycle Length from 60 to 120 seconds Cycle Length from 60 to 120 seconds Through Phases from half the initially specified green time to 90 seconds Through Phases from half the initially specified green time to 90 seconds Protected Left Phases from 0 to 40 seconds Protected Left Phases from 0 to 40 seconds

76. Intersection Data Load file created by junction calculator (*.ind) Load file created by junction calculator (*.ind) Show locations Show locations

77. Intersection Data

78. Select a node with intersection data Select a node with intersection data Click the icon on the node information box Click the icon on the node information box

79. Intersection Data Editor Intersection Attributes Intersection Attributes –Lane Geometry –Phases Regular layout Regular layout

80. Intersection Data Editor 2 Phase 2 Phase 4 Phase 4 Phase

81. Intersection Data File Text file Text file Can be modified to be used as an override Can be modified to be used as an override Save only lines that correspond to the nodes to be edited Save only lines that correspond to the nodes to be edited Always include first line (UNITS LENGTH=FEET Always include first line (UNITS LENGTH=FEET

82. Intersection Data Override Open extracted intersection file with nodes to be modified Open extracted intersection file with nodes to be modified Use Intersection Data Editor to make changes Use Intersection Data Editor to make changes –Allowed phases –Phase timing

83. Intersection Data Editor Vehicle and pedestrian movements Vehicle and pedestrian movements Click to toggle on/off Click to toggle on/off –Green = on –Red = off Save, OK Save, OK

84. Intersection Data Editor Saves are only in a buffer Saves are only in a buffer Save Intersection Data File Save Intersection Data File Save Intersection Data File As… Save Intersection Data File As…