1. Cause of the Civil War Part 1
Abraham Lincoln here, and I am going to tell you about the journey that brought us to the Civil War.
CIVIL WAR
Cause of the Civil War
Part 1

2. Pre- Civil War
The pre–Civil War years (1820–1860, or the “antebellum years”) were among the most chaotic in American history—a time of significant changes that took place as the United States came of age. During these years, the nation was transformed from an underdeveloped nation of farmers and frontiersmen into an urbanized economic powerhouse. As the industrialized North and the agricultural South grew further apart, five major trends dominated American economic, social, and political life during this period.

3. 1st Market Revolution
“First, the Market Revolution—the shift from an agricultural economy to one based on wages and the exchange of goods and services—completely changed the northern and western economy between 1820 and After Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin and perfected manufacturing with interchangeable parts, the North experienced a manufacturing boom that continued well into the next century. Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical mower-reaper also revolutionized grain production in the West. Internal improvements such as the Erie Canal and the Cumberland Road, combined with new modes of transportation such as the steamboat and railroad, allowed goods and crops to flow easily and cheaply between the agricultural West and manufacturing North. The growth of manufacturing also spawned the wage labor system”

4. Urbanization
Second, American society urbanized drastically during this era. The United States had been a land comprised almost entirely of farmers, but around 1820, millions of people began to move to the cities. They, along with several million Irish and German immigrants, flooded northern cities to find jobs in the new industrial economy. The advent of the wage labor system played a large role in transforming the social fabric because it gave birth to America’s first middle class. Comprised mostly of white-collar workers and skilled laborers, this growing middle class became the driving force behind a variety of reform movements. Among these were movements to reduce consumption of alcohol, improve prisons and insane asylums, improve education, and ban slavery. Religious revivalism, resulting from the Second Great Awakening, also had a large impact on American life in all parts of the country.

5. 3rd Political Struggles
Third, the major political struggles during the antebellum period focused on states’ rights. Southern states were dominated by “states’ righter’s”—those who believed that the individual states should have the final say in matters of interpreting the Constitution. Inspired by the old Democratic-Republicans, John C. Calhoun argued in his “South Carolina Exposition and Protest” essay that the states had the right to nullify laws that they deemed unconstitutional because the states themselves had created the Constitution. Others, such as President Andrew Jackson and Chief Justice John Marshall, believed that the federal government had authority over the states. The debate came to a head in the Nullification Crisis of 1832–1833, which nearly touched off a civil war.

6. 4th Slavery Debate
Fourth, and closely tied to the states’ rights issue, was the debate over slavery—the most divisive issue the nation had yet faced. Between 1820 and 1860, more and more northerners came to realize the horrors and injustices of slavery, while southerners grew increasingly reliant upon it to support their cotton-based economy. Northerners did not necessarily want social and political equality for blacks; they sought merely their emancipation. The debate in politics centered primarily on the westward expansion of slavery, which southern elites saw as vital to the survival of their aristocratic social and economic order. Others vehemently opposed the expansion of slavery outside the South. The debate was critical in the Missouri crisis, the annexation of Texas, and after the Mexican War.

7. 5th Westward Expansion
Finally, the issue of westward expansion itself had a profound effect on American politics and society during the antebellum years. In the wake of the War of 1812, many nationalistic Americans believed that God intended for them to spread democracy and Protestantism across the entire continent. This idea of “manifest destiny” spurred over a million Americans to sell their homes in the East and set out on the treacherous Oregon, Mormon, Santa Fe, and California Trails. Policymakers capitalized on public sentiment to acquire Florida and Oregon and declared war on Mexico in 1846 to seize Texas, California, and everything in between.

8. What Next….
Ultimately, these trends irreconcilably split the North from the South. The Market Revolution, wage labor, improved transportation, social reforms, and growing middle class of the North all clashed with the deep-seated, almost feudal social hierarchies of the South. Each successive debate on slavery and westward expansion drove the regions further apart until finally, in the 1850s, the North and the South were two wildly different places, culturally, socially, and economically.

9. Civil War Leaders

10. Opposing Sides NORTH Abe Lincoln Ulysses Grant SOUTH Jefferson Davis
Robert E. Lee

11. Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was President of the United States during the Civil War from He was born in a log cabin near Hodgenville, Kentucky, on February 12, When he was president he was also the Commander-in-Chief of the Union Army, which is the highest-ranking military officer. He appointed generals to command his troops. In 1863 he issued the Emancipation Proclamation which declared that all slaves in the Confederate States would be free. This helped end slavery in the United States. The same year he gave a great speech called the Gettysburg Address at a cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He wanted to honor all the soldiers who had lost their lives in the war. Many people thought he was a great president, but some people did not like his views on slavery. President Lincoln was assassinated on April 14, 1865 by John Wilkes Booth at a theater in Washington DC. This was only five days after the South surrendered to end the Civil War.

12. Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant was the leader of the Union Army. He had all the qualities President Lincoln wanted for the commander of his army. Grant fought very hard and was very stubborn in battles. He did not like to be defeated.
Grant was trained at the Military Academy at West Point, New York. During the Mexican-American War he was a second lieutenant in the army. In 1854 he went home to his family. When the Civil War began and the North began losing so many battles, Grant joined the Army for a second time. He was an excellent military leader because of his training and skill. General Robert E. Lee, The leader of the Confederate Army had to surrender to General Grant in Later General Grant became president of the United States twice. People remember him as a great war hero. They felt he did more as a leader of the army than what he did as president.

13. Jefferson Davis
Jefferson Davis was the President of the Confederate States of America. He was also Commander - in - Chief of the Confederate Army. He was a colonel in the United States Army during the Mexican-American War. He was Secretary of War and also a United States Senator.
Jefferson Davis was born in the South and grew up on a cotton plantation. When he was 16 years old he went to the Military Academy at West Point. The training he received at the military school helped him to become a great military leader and is one of the reasons the Confederates won so many battles at the beginning of the Civil War.

14. Robert E. Lee
Robert E. Lee was the South's greatest general during the Civil War. He graduated from West Point Military Academy and became a colonel in the army before the Civil War began. He was from Virginia and decided to fight on the side of the Confederates even though President Lincoln asked him to be commander of the entire Union Army. General Lee wanted to fight for the South and remain loyal to his home state.
General Lee was a fierce fighter and helped his soldiers win many battles at the beginning of the Civil War. But the Union Army was bigger and stronger. Lee felt he had to surrender to the North to stop so many of his soldiers from being killed.

15. A civil war is a war between different groups of people who belong to the same country.  The American Civil War was fought between the North (Union states) and the South (Confederate states). It lasted from , triggered by the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860.  Lincoln wanted to end slavery and keep the Union together.   The conflict between the North (the Yankees) and the South (the Rebels) started because of their different ways of living.  The North wanted the South to give up their farms, build factories, and abolish slavery.  Congress treated the slaves as personal property and would not take away rights of ownership.   Thus, America began the conflict that would take the lives of more than 620,000 of its citizens and injure more than 375,000.  Most of the battles took place in the South and the recovery from the destruction took many years. 

16. Confederate States Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana
Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia

17. Confederate States Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana
Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia
Border slave states that remained loyal to the Union:
Delaware      Kentucky      Maryland      Missouri (Western counties of Virginia refused to secede from the Union)

18. North South ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES
factories, favored taxes that protected them from foreign competition
_____________________
money not plentiful, but developing
large plantations, opposed taxes that would raise prices and hurt sales to New England states
________________________________________________________
prospered from farming tobacco & cotton
CULTURAL
Freedom for Slaves
_________________
urban society, people held jobs
Depended on Slavery
______________________
Lived in small villages and on farms.
CONSTITUTIONAL DIFFERENCES
Strong central government wanted the nation to stay together
State’s rights important (Secession)

19. Secession Events
Attempted Compromises: The Missouri Compromise (1820), kept a
voting balance of a slave state (Missouri) and a free state
(Maine).  Compromise of 1850, California was a free state, Southwest
territories would decide about slavery.  Kansas-Nebraska Act, popular
sovereignty decided the issue of slavery in the state.
Republican Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated President on March 4,
1861.
Southern states feared there would be no new slave states.
Southern leaders thought their power in the House would decline as
free states joined
Southern states wanted the right to declare any national law illegal.
Northern states wanted the national government's power to be
supreme over the states.

20. Influential People
Abraham Lincoln President of the U.S. Opposed slavery (Emancipation Proclamation) Believe the U.S. was one nation, not individual states
Ulysses S. Grant General of the Union army that defeated General Robert E. Lee
Frederick Douglass Former slave who escaped to the North and became an abolitionist
Robert E. Lee Leader of the Army in Northern Virginia Offered the Union command, but chose not to fight against Virginia Opposed secession, but didn't want to force unity Urged Southerners to accept defeat and reunite
Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States
Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson One of the most skilled Confederate generals, from Virginia

21. War Begins

22. Where & When
On April 12, 1861 at 4:30 A.M. the first shot hurtled over Fort Sumter, at the entrance to the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.  This was the beginning of the Civil War.  Union troops, were forced to leave the fort the following day.  The U.S. flag was not raised again at Fort Sumter until February 18, 1865.  The fort was not of military importance, but a symbol to both sides.  The First Battle at Bull Run (1861) was the first major battle.  It was suppose to be the shortest and the end to the brand new war. Volunteer soldiers lined-up in colorful, clean uniforms waiting for the event to begin. People with picnic baskets sat on the hillsides as the troops battled. After ten hours of fighting, 900 soldiers lay dying as the Union troops retreated to Washington. 

23. Where & When
Known as the bloodiest battle of the Civil War, the Battle of Shiloh caused more than 23,500 men to be killed or missing.  From this important battle, General Grant knew that the South would not be pushovers.  The Battle of Antietam (1862) saw General Lee lead the Confederate troops into the North.  The battle was not a decisive victory for either side.  This battle led to the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation by President Abraham Lincoln. 

24. Where & When
On July 3, 1861, Lee’s troops fought against General George Mead’s army at the Battle of Gettysburg.  This was the turning point in the war.  Meade lost 70% of his men, but 4,000 Confederate soldiers were captured.  From December 1862 to July 1863, the Battle of Vicksburg was fought in Mississippi.  This Union victory split the Confederacy in two, with the North controlling the Mississippi River.  Grant’s soldiers were starving and low on ammunition when General Pemberton surrendered.

25. Major Events "freeing the slaves" the focus of the war. Many freed
The Emancipation Proclamation, in January, 1863, made
"freeing the slaves" the focus of the war.  Many freed
slaves joined the Union.  
In the Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863,
Abraham Lincoln said the Civil War was to preserve a
government "of the people, by the people, and for the
people."
General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S.
Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865, ending
the Civil War.
Lee said of the terms that Grant had written, "You have
been very generous to the South."

26. Communicating with the Soldiers
Most Civil War soldiers did not travel before they joined the army.  The Blue and Gray soldiers were homesick for their families.  The only way they could contact each other was by letter writing.  Each day, 90,000 letters passed through Washington, D.C., even more through Kentucky.  Soldiers used lead pencils, because pens and ink were very rare. African Americans fought in both armies.  The Confederacy used slaves as naval crew members and soldiers and the Union enlisted them early in the war.  African soldiers did not have equal pay and were discriminated against while serving in segregated units.  Robert Smalls, a sailor and later an honored Union naval captain went on to become a Congressman after the war ended..

27. Sullivan Ballou Letter to his Wife
July the 14th, 1861
My very dear Sarah:
The indications are very strong that we shall move in a few days - perhaps tomorrow. Lest I should not be able to write you again, I feel impelled to write lines that may fall under your eye when I shall be no more.
Our movement may be one of a few days duration and full of pleasure - and it may be one of severe conflict and death to me. Not my will, but thine 0 God, be done. If it is necessary that I should fall on the battlefield for my country, I am ready. I have no misgivings about, or lack of confidence in, the cause in which I am engaged, and my courage does not halt or falter.
Pretend that you are a soldier fighting or serving in the Civil War.  Write a letter home to a friend or loved one.  Tell how the war is affecting you and the soldiers around you.  

28. Extra, Extra, Read all About it….
Put together a Civil War newsletter, alone or with a partner to share with your classmates.
Extra, Extra, Read all About it….

29. Extra, Extra, Read all About it….
Include the following information:
Extra, Extra, Read all About it….
Catchy Caption
Dedicate a section for describing the Battle that you are focusing on. (include date and location)
Dedicate a section to 4 Important Dates and a brief description of what happened on those dates
Dedicate a section for “Words from a Soldier” where you can write what soldiers may be feeling

30. Civil War Timeline Procedures Pick a Civil War event card to research
Using the Internet and the Library books that I have provided you are going to research your EVENT
Write a short summary to explain your event. You will type this up while at the Computer Lab.
Find a picture of the event that you would like to draw and draw it for your final project.

31. 1860 Abraham Lincoln is Elected into office
Project Layout…
1860 Abraham Lincoln is Elected into office
At the top of the construction paper that will be provided to you, you will write the DATE, and EVENT that occurred.
Underneath that you will but you illustration of the EVENT.
Below that you will have the typed summary.
1860
Lincoln elected
to office
In November of 1860, Lincoln was
Elected into the Presidential Office.
This was not accepted freely by the
Southern States. South Carolina
Seceded from the Union a month
Later. This was the start of the Civil
War.

32. For Research you can try these sites:
HELPFUL WEBSITES
For Research you can try these sites:
1820 Missouri Comprimise
1831 Nat Turner’s Slave Rebellion
1847 Fredrick Turner The North Star
1847 Dred Scott Sues for Freedom
1849 Harriet Tubman Escapes
1850 Compromise

33. For Research you can try these sites:
HELPFUL WEBSITES
For Research you can try these sites:
1852 Sojourner Truth Speaks at Convention
1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin is Published
1854 Kansas Nebraska Act
1858 Lincoln/Douglas Debates
1860 South Carolina Secedes from Union
1861 Fl, Ga, Al, Tx, La, Ms Secede from the Union

34. For Research you can try these sites:
HELPFUL WEBSITES
For Research you can try these sites:
1861 Confederate States are formed
1861 Abraham Lincoln becomes President
1861 Confederate Troops fire on Fort Sumter
1861 Union & Confederate Army need Volunteers
1861 Battle of Bull Run
1863 Emancipation Proclamation

35. For Research you can try these sites:
HELPFUL WEBSITES
For Research you can try these sites:
1863 Battle of Vicksburg
1863 Battle of Gettysburg
1863 Lincoln gives the Gettysburg Address
1864 Sherman’s March to the Seas/Savannah Falls
1865 Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

36. For Research you can try these sites:
HELPFUL WEBSITES
For Research you can try these sites:
1865 Abraham Lincoln Assassinated
1865 Freedman’s Bureau Established
th Amendment added to the Constitution
th Amendment added to the Constitution
th Amendment added to the Constitution
1877 Reconstruction Ends

37. Activities Links
Writing Activities
Timeline of Events
Treasure Hunt

38. Backdrops: - These are full sized backdrops, just scale them up!
- Can be Copy-Pasted out of Templates for use anywhere!