1. Georgia Studies
Unit 3-Statehood, Revolution, and Westward Expansion
Lesson 1-Cause of the American Revolution

2. Lesson 1-Causes of the American Revolution
Essential Question
-How did the causes of the American Revolution impact Georgia?
-Why was trade so important to the colonies during the American Revolution?

3. North America, 1754 Spain claimed Florida and Mexico
France claimed land from Louisiana to the Great Lakes, and parts of Canada; New Orleans (south) and Detroit (north) anchored French settlements
Great Britain had established the 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast

4. French and Indian War Origins
France and Great Britain wanted the treasures of the American continent
Both countries feared the other would gain the most power
France had the stronger army with more experienced leadership; British had better navy
Both sides had allies with certain Indian tribes

5. The French and Indian War
Both sides claimed the Ohio River Valley area
The French built several forts in the area; many Indians sided with the French
The Virginia governor sent Captain George Washington with soldiers to Fort Necessity; a battle erupted
The war soon spread to Europe; by 1758, the British controlled the Ohio Valley
The Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the war; the British were victorious.

6. Georgia and the War’s Aftermath
Treaty of Paris set Georgia’s western boundary at the Mississippi River
Proclamation of 1763 (King George III): Georgia’s southern boundary set at St. Mary’s River; Georgia colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains as the land was reserved for Native Americans.
Cherokee and Creek tribes gave up land claims north of Augusta and the costal region

7. Unhappy with British Acts
Great Britain needed money; much debt and security expenses resulted from the French and Indian War
Sugar Act: tax on sugar and molasses imported from the West Indies
Stamp Act: tax on newspapers, legal documents, and licenses
Georgians disapproved of these acts

8. The Liberty Boys Part of larger group, the “Sons of Liberty”
Georgians who came together to oppose the Stamp Act
Some called them “Liberty Brawlers”
Met in taverns, such as Savannah’s Tondee’s Tavern
Georgia only colony to actually sell the stamps
Stamp Act was eventually repealed

9. Protests Increase
Georgia protested the British taxation (acts) to a small extent. The other 12 colonies were more directly effected by many of these acts and reacted (protested) more strongly.
Noble Wimberly Jones, speaker of Georgia colonial assembly, led Townshend Act protests
Townshend Acts: placed import taxes on tea, paper, glass, and coloring for paints
Governor Wright disbanded the assembly to try to end the protests

10. Intolerable Acts
Boston Tea Party-Protest against the Tea Act in Boston, Massachusetts on December 16, Members of the Sons of Liberty, dressed as Native Americans, dumped 90,000 lbs. of tea into Boston Harbor.
Great Britain punished the Massachusetts colony by creating the Coercive Acts

11. Intolerable Acts The Intolerable Acts had four major effects:
1. Closed Boston Harbor
2. Cancelled the Massachusetts Royal Charter
3. British officials accused of crimes in Massachusetts were tried in Great Britain.
4. Quartering Act-Citizens of Massachusetts were forced to house and feed British troops at their own experience.

12. Declaration of Independence
Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” pamphlet encourage colonies to break from Great Britain; sold more than 500,000 copies
Other pamphlets, including “The Crisis” influenced opinion
August 2, 1776:Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton (representatives from Georgia) sign the Declaration of Independence
The Declaration meant the colonists were one nation; Georgians prepared for war

13. Unit 3: Revolution in Georgia Lesson 2: The Revolutionary War Period
Georgia Studies
Unit 3: Revolution in Georgia
Lesson 2: The Revolutionary War Period

14. Lesson 2-The Revolutionary War Period
Essential Question
- What role did Georgia and its citizens play in the American Revolution?

15. First Continental Congress
Many of the British colonies in North America had began to protest taxation as long as they were not represented in British Parliament.
12 of the 13 colonies sent representatives to the First Continental Congress; Georgia was not represented.
Urged colonies to establish “Committees of Safety”
Agreed to stop all trade with Britain
Carried on its work in secret
“Provincial Congress” held in Savannah in January 1775; less than one-half of Georgia’s parishes were represented

16. Second Continental Congress
Met in Philadelphia after Lexington and Concord battles in Massachusetts.
Drafted petition for King George III, asking for end of unfriendly steps against the colonies
George III refused to accept the petition
Authorized Continental Army
Georgia’s Lyman Hall arrived in May 1775
August 2, 1776: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton sign the Declaration of Independence

17. Georgia’s Second Provincial Congress
Held at Tondee’s Tavern in Savannah in July 1775
Archibald Bulloch, John Houstoun, Noble Wimberly Jones, and Reverend John Zubly chosen to represent Georgia in Philadelphia
Delegates given no specific instructions; told to make best decisions for Georgians
Governor Wright fled colony in early 1776; Council of Safety established “Rules and Regulations” to govern Georgia

18. Revolutionary War Fighting in Georgia
Georgia was divided between patriots and loyalists.
Savannah captured and looted by British troops in December 1778; lootings, murders, and burnings occurred
Sunbury port captured in early 1779; Augusta was also attacked
Georgia militia not effective against well-trained British troops. French military leaders and reinforcements were brought in to train and assist the Continental Army.
Governor Wright eventually returned from Great Britain to govern Georgia. Continued to govern from Savannah until 1783.

19. Battle of Kettle Creek (1779)
Colonel Elijah Clarke led Georgia militia, defeated 800 British troops near Washington, Georgia
Great victory for morale of the militia and Georgians seeking independence
Won badly-needed weapons and horses from the British

20. Siege of Savannah (1779)
15,000 Americans and 4,000 French laid siege to Savannah
Attack on October 9 resulted in 1,000 American and French deaths in less than an hour; only 40 British troops died
Polish Count Casimir Pulaski killed
Savannah remained under British control, and the leadership of James Wright, for nearly four more years
Guerrilla warfare continued in the Georgia backcountry

21. Georgia Wartime Heroes
Nancy Hart single-handedly captured a group of British loyalists who bragged of murdering an American colonel; Hart County is the only county named for a woman
Austin Dabney fought with distinction and was wounded at Kettle Creek; he also saved Elijah Clarke’s life during that battle.

22. The War Ends
Elijah Clarke, the Georgia Militia, and the Continental Army regain Augusta from British in June 1781; 11 battles or skirmishes fought in Georgia during the war
George Washington, with French help, force British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia in October 1781
British leave Savannah in the spring of 1782
Treaty of Paris (September 1783) ends war; treaty is signed by United States, Great Britain, and France