1. CH 11 RISK, TOXICOLOGY and HUMAN HEALTH 21.1 What is Risk? Probability that _______ A.Diff b/n risk assesment and risk managemnt 1.Risk assesment-__ 2.Risk management- __ B. Types of hazards (4) ______

2. 21.2 Toxicology A.What determines if chemical is harmful? ______ and _______! 1. _____-amt of substance person is exposed to depends on size of dose, freq, who, genetics. chemical interactions that occur (2 types) a. antagonistic interaction- b. synergistic interaction- 2. _____-type and amount of health damage ….acute vs chronic Ex. Thalidomide

3. B. Should we be concerned about trace levels? Natural vs synthetic dangers? C. Biomagnification or Bioaccumulation?

4. D. What is LD50? ________________ (fig 11-5)

5. Dose Response Curves-show effects of various dosages of a toxic agent on organisms Can we rely on these tests and extrapolate to humans?

6. 11-3 Hazardous Chemicals Toxic chemicals-fatal to 50% of animals. Haz. Chemicals cause harm b/c 1. ____ 2.___3.____4. _____ Mutagens- ex. Bipolar, CF, hemophilia, sickle cell, down syndrome, some cancers Teratogens- ex. PCBs, thalidomide, steroid hormones, heavy metals. Carcinogens-

7. Endocrine disrupters- Precautionary Principle-