1. Development of the Auditory System

3. Mechanisms of sound localization 1. timing differences--onset and phase

8. Mechanisms of sound localization 1. timing differences--onset and phase 2. intensity differences

10. Mechanisms of sound localization 1. timing differences--onset and phase 2. intensity differences 3. spectral properties

13. 4. monaural evaluation of spectral and intensity cues with scanning Mechanisms of sound localization 1. timing differences--onset and phase 2. intensity differences 3. spectral properties All are used for best estimate of location

14. 4. monaural evaluation of spectral and intensity cues with scanning Mechanisms of sound localization 1. timing differences--onset and phase 2. intensity differences 3. spectral properties All are used for best estimate of location

15. Knudsen, E.I. (1984) Trends Neurosci., 7, 326-330. Y-cords No aids

18. Knudsen, E.I. (1984) Trends Neurosci., 7, 326-330.

20. Knudsen, E.I. & Knudsen, P.F. (1985) Science, 230, 545-548.

21. Knudsen, E.I. & Knudsen, P.F. (1985) Science, 230, 545-548.

22. Knudsen, E.I. & Knudsen, P. F. (1986) J. Neurosci., 7, 1918-1924.

23. Critical Periods? Up to 70 days Up to 200 days Up to 200 days Open ended Small individual cages Large group aviary Prism introduced Prism removed Adapted from: Brainard, M.S. & Knudsen, E.I. (1998) J. Neurosci., 18, 3929-3942