2.   Simplicity and precision result from making good choices.   To make good choices, you must go through a writing process.   A good writing process requires drafts, feedback, and revisions.   There are no shortcuts to good writing. The Craft of Technical Writing (1)

3. The Craft of Technical Writing (2)   Precise writing establishes your credibility as an engineer. Therefore…   Technical writing is a no-ambiguity zone:   Ambiguity (defined as “doubtfulness or uncertainty as regards interpretation) can often lead to serious misinterpretations.

4. Proposals and Reports in a Nutshell — Reports communicate the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions of your experiments or research. In short, they spell out —  what you did,  how it was done,  what you discovered. Proposals convince readers a plan of action is plausible and that the writer (or team) is qualified to accomplish it. In short, they spell out—  what you intend to do,  how you intend to do it,  what you hope to learn.

5. How Paragraphs Work   Effective paragraphs possess —   Unity: singleness of purpose   Coherence: one point of view, one attitude, one tense   Focus: a strong topic sentence and supporting evidence   Flow: transitions from one sentence to the next, from familiar to new information

6. Example of an Effective Paragraph “The design of any device is fraught with failure. Indeed, the way engineers achieve success in their designs is by imagining how they might fail. If gases escaping from a booster rocket can lower efficiency or cause damage, then O-ring seals are added. If the friction of re-entry can melt a spacecraft, then a heat shield is devised.” Petroski, H. (2003, August 29). Failure is always an option. New York Times. Retrieved September 11, 2003, from http://www.nytimes.com

7. Ask Yourself These Questions   Is title specific and clear?   Does the abstract prompt the reader’s interest?   Does the introduction clarify and forecast your objectives?   Does each paragraph include a topic sentence that expresses a central idea?   Are all other sentences in the paragraph related the main topic?   Is the level of formality (tone) appropriate to your audience?

8. Criteria for Success: Overview   You facilitate decision-making, emphasize conclusions, use supporting data.   A broad audience can read and understand your report.   You clarify the problem, emphasize merits of the study, and show practical results.

9. Criteria for Success: Writing for Multiple Audiences   You write a clear, concise, non-technical Abstract so that a top executive can review and act on the report.   Your Introduction and Background and Discussion and Conclusion sections give detail but remain clear, concise, and non-technical so that your immediate boss can understand your main points even if the boss is not an expert.   Professionals in your field will understand your Experimental Methods, Results, and Appendices.

10. Criteria for Success: Crediting Sources   You use quotation marks around authors’ original words or paraphrase the authors’ ideas in your own words.   You include citations for quotes or paraphrases of information borrowed from your sources.   You include references for your sources on a separate References page.

11. Ouch! Ouch! —Your report is both good and original, but the part that is good is not original, and the part that is original is not good.* *Samuel Johnson, 1709-1784

12. Credibility and Depth of Research— Striking the Right Balance   Cite enough sources so that your audience trusts your conclusions and recommendations.   Don’t overload your reports with cited material at the expense of your own insights.

13. Does the Conclusion— Does the Conclusion—   Restate objectives of report?   Assert the significance of your findings?   Provide recommendations?   Confirm or contradict an established principle or theory?   Answer the question, "So what?"

14. Summing Up Successful Technical Communicators—   Write to multiple audiences.   Write unified and coherent paragraphs and use strong subjects and verbs in sentences.   Cite sources as needed and include a reference page.   Visit the Hanson Center. Tell what you did, how you did it, and why you did it. Your audience wants both clarity and analysis.

15. A Few Thoughts on Technical Presentations (1)   Give yourself enough time to plan adequately.   Use an attention-getting introduction.   Clearly mark a road map to your presentation.   Use clear and well-organized explanations.

16. A Few Thoughts on Technical Presentations (2)   Conclude dramatically.   Use effective visual aids.   Practice an understandable delivery.   Always remind us of your credibility.

17.   Create audience rapport.   Learn to handle questions.   Overcome nervousness.   Make an appointment at the Hanson Center. A Few Thoughts on Technical Presentations (3)

18. HCTC Office Hours 1:00 to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday Sunday, 2:00 – 4:00 p.m. Sign up sheet posted outside of room 2224 SC (near the Engineering Library)

19. Thank You